Stack #277189 Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
exists 3 states; solid, liquid, and gas	matter
a substance that cannot be split into a simpler substance by ordinary chemical means	chemical elements
Name four major elements that occur naturally in the body	carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
the science of structure and interactions of matter	chemistry
the amount of matter in any object	mass
the smallest units of matter that retain the properties and characteristics of the element	atoms
Name 3 types of subatomic particles for understanding chemical reactions in the human body	protons, neutrons, and electrons
regions around the nucleus	electron shell
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom	atomic number
the sum of its protons and neutrons	mass number
atoms an element with differenct numbers of neutrons therefore different mass numbers, but have identical chemical properties	isotopes
unstable, nuclei decay into a stable configuration, as the charge, atoms emit radiation	radioactive isotopes
time required for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay into stable form	half life
follow movement of certain substances through the body	tracers
standard and unit for measuring the mass of atoms and their subatomic particles	dalton, atomic mass units
electrically charged forms,an atom either gives up or gains electrons	ions
two or more atoms share electrons resulting combination	molecule
a substance that contains aotms of two or more different elements	compound
electrically charged atom or group of atoms with an unpaired electron in the outermost shell	free radical
forces that hold together the atoms of a molecule or a compound	chemical bond
detemines a chemical bond depending on the number of electrons in its outermost shell	valence shell
the force of attraction that hold together ions with opposite charges	ionic bonds
total number of protons exceeds the number of electrons to froma positively charged ion	cation
total number of electrons exceeds the number of electrons to form a postively charged ion	anion
ionic compounds that break apart into positive and negative ions in solution, "can conduct an electric current"	electrolytes
forms two or more atoms share electrons rather than gaining or lossing them	covalent bonds
result s when two atoms share one electron pair	single covalent bond
two atoms share the electrons equally, one atoms does not attract the shared electron more strongly than the other atom	nonpolar covalent bond
the sharing of elctrons between two atoms is unequal, the nucleus of one atom attracts the shared electron more strongly than the nucleus of the other atom	polar covalent bond
polar covalent bonds that form between hydrogen atoms, a partical positive charge attracts the particle negative charge of neighboring electron negative atoms, most often larger oxygen or nitrogen atoms	hydrogen bonds
release more energy, than they absorb	exergonic reactions
absorbs more energy, than they release	endergonic reactions
chemical compounds that speed up chemical rections by lowering the activation energy needed for a reation to occur	catalyst
the most important catalyst in the human body is	enzymes
when tow or more atoms, ions, or molecules combine to form new and larger molecules	synthesis reactions
all synthesis reactions that occur in the body, usually endergonic because they absorb more energy than they release	anabolism
split up large molecules into smaller atoms, ions, or molecules	decompostion reactions
decompositionreactions that occur in the body, usually exergonic because they release more energy than they release more energy than they absorb	catabolism
consist of both synthesis and decomposition reactions "switch partners"	exchange reactions
chemical reactions where the products can revert to the orginal reactants	versible reactions
usually lack carbon and are structually simple, water, salts, acids and bases with either ionic or covalent bonds	inorganic compounds
always contain carbon, ususally contain hydrogen and always covalent bonds	organic compounds
where a substance called the solvent dissolves another substance called the solute	solution
water loving and dissolve easily in water polar covalent bonds	hydrophilic
water fearing and not water soluable nonpolar covalent bonds	hydrophobic
loosen or break apart	hydrolysis
to smaller molecules join to form a larger molecule, a water molecule is one of the products formed	dehydration synthesis reaction
a combination of elements or compounds that are physically blended together but not bound by chemical bonds	mixture
differs froma solution mainly because of the size of its partilces, large enough to scatter light	colloids
the suspended material may mix with the liquid medium for sometime, but eventually it will settle out	suspension
give an example of suspension	blood
mass per volume, gives the relative mass of a solute found in given volume of solution	percentage
relate to the total number of molecules in a given volume of solution	moles per liter
the amount of any substance that has a mass in grams equal to the sum of the atomic mass of all its atoms	moles
pH of 0-7	acidic solution
pH above 7	basic (alkaline) solution
the more hydorgen ions dissolved in a solution the more what the solution	acidic the solution
the more hydorxide ion the more what the solution	basic (alkaline) solution
carbons bonded to hydrogen aotms	hydrocarbon
attached to the carbon skeleton, other atoms or molecules bound to the hydrocarbon skeletion	functional groups
the sournce of chemical energy for generating atp needed to drive metabolic reactions	carbohydrates
C6 H12 O6	glucose
do not have a 2:1 ration of hydrogen to oxygen and are hydrophobic	lipids
What is the type of lipid in the human body?	triglycerides
"head" is polar and can form hydrogen bonds with water molecules, two fatty tails are nonpolar can interact with only other lipids	phospholipid
true or false phospholipid is a major storage lipid	false
proteins that speed up most biochemical reactions	enzymes
forms the inherited genetic material inside each human cell	dexyribonucleic acid (DNA)
a segment of a DNA molecule, determine the traits we inherit, and control protein synthesis regulate most activites that take place in body cells	gene
Name four letters in DNA?	atcg
Name four letter in RNA:	aucg
the power to attract electrons to itself	electronegativity
a measure of the difficulty of stretching or breaking the surface of a liquid	surface tension
this system functions to convert strong acids or bases into weak acids or bases	buffer system
the chemical compound that can convert strong acids or bases into weak ones are	buffers
name one of the important buffer system in the body	carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
name the main polysaccharide in the human body	glucose
name the three major groups of carbohydrates?	monosachharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides
small organic moelcules can combine into very large molecules	macromolecules
a polymer is a large molecule formed by the covalent bonding of many identicla or similar small building block molecules	monomers
macromolecules are usally?	polymers
the simples lipids which are used to synthesize triglycerides and phospholipids	fatty acids
the second important group of organic compounds	lipids
a three carbon molecule forms the backbone of a trigulceride	glycerol
lipids derived from 20-carbon fatty acids called arachidonic acid	eicosanoids
name the two principal subclasses of eicosanoids	prostaglandins and leukotrines
they modify reponses to hormones, contribute to the inflammatory response, prevent stomach ulcers, dilate airways to the lungs, and regulate body temp.	prostaglandins
particpate in allegic and inflammatory responses	leukotrines
large molecules that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen	protein
the monomers of proteins	amino acids
the covalent bond joining each pair of amino acids is, always forms between the carbon of the carboxyl group	peptide bond
the unique sequence of amino acids that are linked by covalent peptide bonds to form polypeptide chain	primary structure
any change in a protein's amino acid sequence, an example a nonpolar amino acid	sickle-cell disease
if a protein encounters an altered environment, it unravels and lose its characteridtic shape	denaturation
enzymes consist of two parts, protein portion called, and nonprotein portion called	apoenzyme and cofactor

Created by: jessesandoval153