immunology 1-8 rev. Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
how are eos involved in the immune response?	parasites that can be phagocytized
which of the components of both innate and adaptive immune responses?	macrophages
list characteristics of natural killer cells	type of lymph
describe diapedesis	movement through blood vessel walls
the most effective phagocytic and antigen presenting cell is	dendritic cell
which cells are considered part of the natural immunity?	eos, monos, neu.
wbc that is 16 to 18 micrometers indiameter, has a horseshoe-shape nucleus, and is capable of phagocytosis is a:	monocyte
Antibodies are secreted by	Plasma cells
Characteristic of mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue	Tonsils and appendix
The function of NK cells is	Kill target cells
Characteristics of a lymph node	Filters interstial fluid, colonized w/T&B cells, between 1-25 mm in size
What are considered part of natural immunity?	Eos, acute-phase reactants, neutrophils
Macrophages that migrate to the liver are called?	Kupffer cells
Which type of cell has a diameter between 10 and 15 micrometers, has a multi-lobed nucleus, and usually comprises more than 50% of circulating leukocytes?	Neutrophils
T cells are mainly concentrated in which region of the lymph nodes?	Paracortex
A primary site of antigen trapping and presentation to immune cells is	The spleen
T cells mature in	Thymus
B cells that are actively responding to antigen can be found in	Germinal centers
Describe lymph nodes	Concentrated where the appendages join the thorax of the body
Characteristic of opsonins	Molecules that coat bacteria making them subspectible to phagocytosis
Cluster of differentiation refers to	A category of cell surface proteins used to identify cell types
An antigenic determinant is also called	Epitope
A 50-kDa protein from a bacterial cell that has numerous different epitope so would be called:	Immunogen and antigen
White cell in the peripheral blood that migrates into tissue to become a macrophage is	Monocyte
The best immunogen is	Protein
A low-molecule-weight molecule that has one binding site for an antibody is	Hapten
To what kind of peptides do Class II molecules bind?	Process exogenous
MHC molecules containing beta-2-microglobulin	Determined by MHC-A,B,C
The purpose of the invariant chain is to block the peptide-binding site of	Class II MHC molecules
A processed antigen first encounters and binds to MHC class II molecules in the	Endosomal compartment
Endogenous peptides binding to MHC-A, MHC-B, MHC-C molecules on the surface of hepatocytes are critical for the response by	Cytotoxic cells
Which is likely to be the most immunogenic?	A protein that weighs 45,000 daltans
Antigens found in different species that trigger a similar antibody response are called	Heterophile antigen
The ability to respond to antigen depends on	Age, nutrition, genetics
A bacterial antigen to which the human immune system responds would be classified as	Heteroantigen
Describe the finding of Landsteiner's study of haptens	Spatial configuration is recognized by antibodies
A determinant site on an antigen that is produced by the folding of the primary chain is known as	Conformational epitope
What causes a reaction of poison ivy?	Hapten complexing with a tissue protein
A substance used to enhance antibody formation is called	Adjuvant
MHC class I antigens are recognized by which cells?	CD8 and T cells
The antigens that bind MHC class II antigens are first "processed" by	Enzymes in the endosome
Characteristics of heterophile antigens include	Found in unrelated plants & animals but cross react w/same antibody
MHC class I protein is found on:	All nucleated cells
T cells are capable of recognizing	Degraded peptides
List acute-phase proteins	Serum amyloid A
What is directly used in oxidative killing of target cells?	Hydrogen peroxide
What do macrophages use to kill bacteria?	Peroxide, lysosome,hydroxyl radical
Characteristic of circulating neutrophils?	Membrane express pathogen recognition receptors
The phagosome of a macrophage is a membrane-bond vessel that contains	Ingested pathogens
Oxidative killing involves	Hexosemonophosphate shunt
What occurs during the oxidative burst?	Pseudopadia extending around a particle
What is part of the external defense system?	Skin
Which substance best inactivates bacterial proteins?	Hypochloride
Function of the acute-phase protein haptoglobin	Binds hemaglobin
The internal defense system includes	Acute phase reactant
Describe what occurs in process of phagocytosis	Formation of a phagosome, hypchloride radical, fusion of lysosome phagosome
What are considered acute-phase reactants	Fibrinogen complement, CRP
Natural killer cells recognize and kill abnormal host cells that	Lack MHC 1 molecule
The killing mechanism of natural killer cells is regulated by	Both inhibitory & activating receptors
Toll-like receptors bind to:	Pathogen associated molecular patterns
Patients with chronic granulomatous disease have neutrophils that cannot kill bacteria because	They do not produce superoxide
Name enzyme that protects host cells rather than destroying invading cells	A-1 anti trypcin
Toll-like receptors and C-type lectin receptors are examples of:	Pathogen recognize receptors
After a macrophage phagocytizes, kills, and digest a microbe	Some microbial peptides are bond by MHC class II
C-reactive protein, complement components, and antibodies are	Opsonins
Proteins that form channels in target cell membranes are called	Perforins
Oxygen-independent bacterial killing in the phagolysosome involves	Ph activated defensins
A cell that can recall previous contact with a particular antigen so that subsequent exposure leads to a more rapid and more effective immune response than the first encounter is which type of cell?	Memory lymphocyte
Immunoglobulin gene rearrangements occur in which stage of B-cell development?	Pro B cell
Antigen-independent differentiation of B cells occurs in	Bone marrow
Predominant cell types involved in the humoral immune response	B cells
The only cells in the body capable of specifically recognizing and distinguishing different antigenic determinants are	Lymphs
T helper cells recognize	Exogenous peptides bound to class II MHC
Similarities between cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells	Both induce apoptosis in the target cells
T-cell surface protein associated with the T-cell receptor and involved in signal transduction is	CD3
Cytotoxic T cells are the primary immune response against	Viruses
The purpose or end result of negative selection of the T cell is	Self tolerance
A T cell that is rarely found in secondary lymphoid organs and recognizes a limited number of native epitopes is known as:	Gamma delta T cell
T cells differ from B cells in what way?	B express CD19 not CD3
Which marker would be found on pre-B cells?	Mu heavy chains
A plasma cell differs from a B cell in which way?	Only plasma cells circulating antibody
The function of CD4+T cells is	To help B cells make antibody
Cells responsible for killing virally infected host cells and tumor cells	CD8, T cells
Helper T cells that promote a humoral immune response include	Th2
Region of the immunoglobulin molecule that can bind antigen	FAB
Immunoglobulin that appears first in the primary response	IgM
Characteristic of IgG	Immunity for newborns
Immunoglobulin that appears in the highest titer in the secondary response is	IgG
The antigen specificity of a B cell is determined	By H and L chains variable region sequences
Immunoglobulin that is found in only trace amounts in the serum	IgD
Variations in immunoglobulin structure that occur because of the use of different constant region domains are known as:	Isotypes
Characteristic of IgM	Larger, and excels at complement fixation
Which pairs represent light chains of antibody molecules?	Lambda & kappa
The region of an antibody molecule that exhibits the greatest variability from antibody to antibody is known as	Hyper variable region
IgD is produced by	Differential splicing of the RNA transcript
Immunoglobulins are grouped into classes on the basis of similarities in:	Heavy chains
Bence-Jones proteins are identical to	L chains
Class that makes up 70% to 80% of total serum immunoglobulins	IgG
Immunoglobulin IgG, IgM, IgA, and IgD represent	Isotypes
A Fab fragment consists of	1 light chain, 1/2 heavy chain
Immunoglobulin that causes allergic reactions as a result of release of histamine from mast cells	IgE
Which protein group migrates the fastest in serum electrophoresis conducted at pH 8.6?	Albumin
The antibody found on B cells that is thought to be involved in B cell maturation is	IgD
Which band contains the immunoglobulin in serum protein electrophoresis?	Gamma
Which antibody is found mainly as a dimmer in mucosal secretions?	IgA
IgG subclasses differ from one another in	The number and position of disulfide bonds
IL-2 is synthesized by	T-cells
The primary function of colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) is to promote	Hematopesis
Cytokines that is involved in natural immunity is	Interleukin 6 (IL-6)
Erythropoietin regulates	Bone marrow cell differentiation

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