Diseases Exam 3 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| What is Myasthenia Gravis? | Chronic disorder of the neuromuscular junction that interferes with the chemical transmission of Ach between the axon terminal and the receptor site of voluntary muscles; characterized by fatigue and weakness that improves following rest |
| What is the most common age and sex affected by Myasthenia Gravis? | Young women: 15-35 and Older men 40 to 70 |
| What provokes Myasthenia Gravis? | Emotional upset, physical stress, exposure to extreme temp changes, febrile illness, pregnancy |
| What are the clinical manifestations associated with Myasthenia Gravis? | RR varies with the degree of muscle paralysis, apnea occurs in severe cases, cyanosis in severe cases, diminished BS, crackles, and rhonchi |
| What is ptosis? | Drooping of one or both eyelids |
| What is diplopia? | Double vision |
| What tests are used to diagnose Myasthenia Gravis? | Clinical history, neurological exam, electromyography, blood analysis, edrophonium test, ice pack test, sleep test, CT scan, MRI |
| What test is used to determine the muscles affected by Myasthenia Gravis and the degree of fatigability? | Electromyography |
| What are the indicators of acute vantilatory failure? | VC<20 mL/kg, NIF<-25 cmH2O (-80 cmH2O is normal), pH<7.35 or PaCO2>45 mmHg |
| Are the PFTs associated with Myasthenia Gravis restrictive or obstructive? | Restrictive |
| How is VC calculated when you know the patient's weight? | 20mL/kg |
| What drugs are used to treat Myasthenia Gravis? | Cholinesterase inhibitors (Pyridostigmine - 1st line treatment), immunosuppressants |
| What is a thymectomy and why would it be used for myasthenia gravis? | Removal of the thymus gland; the thymus appears to be the source of the Ach receptor antibodies |
| What is Guillan Barre? | Causes inflammation and deterioration of the peripheral nervous system; elevated levels of IgM are present. Lymphocytes and macrophages appear to attack and strip off the myelin sheath of the peripheral nervous system. Onset 1-4 weeks after fever |
| What are the anatomical alterations associated with Guillan Barre? (Including the affect on nerves and changes in the lungs) | RR varies with severity, apnea in severe cases, crackles and rhonchi, diminished breath sounds, mucus accumulation, airway obstruction, alveolar consolidation, atelectasis, demyelination |
| Who is at the greatest risk for developing Guillan Barre? | 45 years of age of older (Men) |
| What is the clinical presentation of Guillan Barre? | Symmetrical muscle weakness, pain, numbness, muscle paralysis spreads upward, patient often drools has difficulty chewing, swallowing, and speaking, respiratory muscle paralysis |
| How is Guillan Barre diagnosed? | Clinical history (sudden paralysis), CSF findings, EMG findings, CXR, and nerve conduction studies |
| What are the breath sounds associated with Guillan Barre? | Crackles, rhonchi, diminished |
| What are the PFT's associated with Guillan Barre? | Restrictive |
| What are the indicators of ventilatory failure? | VC<20 mL/kg, NIF<-25 cmH2O (-80 cmH2O is normal), pH<7.35 or PaCO2>45 mmHg |
| What is used to prevent thrombus formation in a bedridden patient? | Leg compression devices, compression socks, physical therapy |
| What is obstructive sleep apnea? | Blockage of ventilation due to upper airway obstruction. No airflow despite chest and abdomen movement |
| What is central sleep apnea? | Occurs when respiratory centers of the medulla fail to send signals to the respiratory muscles |
| What diseases are associated with central sleep apnea? | Cardiovascular, metabolic, and central nervous system disorders |
| What are the most common symptoms of obstructive sleep apnea? | Snoring, periods of apnea, insomnia, abrupt awakenings with SOB, hypersomnia |
| What is the most common treatment for obstructive sleep apnea? What is it used to prevent? | CPAP, prevents airway collapse |
| What is the most common treatment for central sleep apnea? | VPAP |
| What is the healing time for 2nd degree burns? | 7-21 days |
| What are the problems associated with patient deterioration following burns? | Decreased lung compliance, used of narcotics, immobility, increased airway resistance |
| What should be done if a patient has burns around their face? | Intubate immediately |
| What is the best treatment for smoke inhalation? | 100% O2 therapy |
| What materials produce CO when burned? | Wood, cotton, paper, organic materials, PVC |
| What is Hgb's affinity for CO in comparison to O2? | 210x greater |
| What are the symptoms of >20% CO poisoning? | Throbbing headache, nausea, vomiting, impaired judgement |
| What are the symptoms of >30% CO poisoning? | Throbbing headache, possible syncope, increased RR and HR |
| What are the symptoms of >60% CO poisoning? | Coma, convulsions, cardiovascular and respiratory distress, Cheyne-stokes respirations |
| What is Scleroderma (ILD)? | Characterized by chronic hardening and thickening of the skin caused by new collagen formation |
| What is CWP? | Pulmonary deposition and accumulation of large amounts of coal dust |
| What is Asbestosis? | Caused by exposure to asbestos fibers |
| What is Sarcoidosis? | Systemic granulomas disease, characterized by the formation of tubercles (noncaseating granulomas), unknown origin |
| What is Silicosis? | Caused by chronic inhalation of crystalline, free silica, or silicon dioxide particles |
| How do ILDs affect the lung volumes and capacities? | Decreased |
| Define near drowning | An incident of potentially fatal submersion in liquid that did not result in death or in which death occurred more than 24 hours after submersion |
| Define dry drowning | Glottis spasms preventing water from entering the lungs (10-15% die from asphyxia) |
| Define wet drowning | Glottis relaxes and allows water to flood the lungs (85-90% of victims aspirate fluid) |
| What is the most common cause of drowning in adults? | Alcohol |
| Who is more likely to survive drowning in reference to age and water temperature? | A younger person in cold water |
| What will the CXR look like on a drowning patient? | Fluffy infiltrates, normal to showing varying degrees of pulmonary edema and atelectasis, rapid deterioration |
| What are the major pathological changes associated with drowning? | Laryngospasm, edema, decreased surfactant, frothy, white pink sputum, atelectasis, consolidation, bronchospasm |
| What are the breath sounds associated with drowning? | Crackles and rhonchi |
| What is the first priority in a drowning patient? | CPR |
| What type of ventilatory support do most drowning victims need? | Mechanical ventilation with PEEP or CPAP |
| What causes atelectasis? | Develops when lung expansion is decreased or when excess airway secretions cause mucus plugs (airway obstruction) |
| What surgical procedures put a patient at risk of atelectasis? | Abdomen and thoracic surgery |
| What will the CXR look like in a patient with atelectasis? | Increased density in areas of atelectasis (cloudy, white), air bronchograms, elevation of hemi-diaphragm on the affected side, mediastinal shift toward the affected side |
| How is atlectasis treated? | Treat underlying cause immediately, O2 therapy, bronchopulmonary hygiene, lung expansion therapy, mechanical ventilation |
| What causes hypoxemia in ARDS patients? | Widespread alveolar consolidation, atelectasis, increased A/C membrane thickening, refractory to O2 therapy due to pulmonary capillary shunting |
| What does a typical ARDS x ray look like? | Increased opacity, the more severe = the white the lungs, "ground glass" appearance |
| What is the ventilatory strategy for ARDS? | Low tidal volume and high RR |
| What ABG would be found in a patient with severe ARDS? | Acute ventilatory failure with hypoxemia |
| How is refractory hypoxemia treated? | Lung expansion therapy |
| What is the criteria for respiratory failure? | PaO2 < 60 mmHg and/or PaCO2 > 50 mmHg |
| What is the difference between pulmonary shunting and deadspace? | Shunting = perfusion without ventilation / Deadspace = ventilation without perfusion |
| What breath sounds might be heard in a patient with ARDS? | Diminished, wheezing, crackles |
Created by:
ashconrad417
Popular Respiratory Therapy sets