MiddleAges Review Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
from Latin CRUX meaning CROSS	Crusades
The Crusades were a holy war over	Jerusalem
Seljuk Turks 1000’s A.D. captured Jerusalem, Palestine in Chaos, Pilgrimage dangerous, Pope _________, requested a a volunteer army to expel Turks, Knights and peasants joined	Urban II
All who participated were promised _________ _____________ if killed fighting in the Holy Land	eternal salvation
First crusade heightened hatred of non Christians and was onset of long period of persecution of the ______- CRUSADE BEGAN 1096 A.D.	Jews
Three armies marched from Europe to Jerusalem and laid seige to the city, the armies massacred the inhabitants of Jerusalem, the ________ and the Jews	muslims
The third crusade was known as the crusade of the _________	kings
The fighting in the third crusade lasted three years. The battles ended in a stalemate. Richard I asked the Muslim leader _________ to return the city to the Christians	Saladin
The effects of the Crusades were two fold, 1) it helped to speed changes in ____________ __________ and - broke down Feudalism and increased authority of kings	Western Europe
The _________ accelerated transformation of western Europe from crude, backward and violent society to civilization where towns grew, trade expanded and learning and Arts thrived	Crusades
A common medium of exchange was needed and a ______ _______developed	Money economy
The money economy generated the growth of banking, carried different currencies, different values, money changers were often _________ or ________	Italian or Jewish
The word ________ comes from word banca or bench set up by moneychangers	Bank
between 1000 and 1100 A.D. towns grew tremendously, - almost NO SANITATION, constant stench of garbage and sewage in streets causing spread of _________	diseases
The worst plague was ____ _________ ______ 1348 to 1350 A.D. killed 1/3 of the population called THE BLACK DEATH	THE BUBONIC PLAGUE
- 1100’S A.D. merchants and artisans organized themselves into business associations called ________	guilds
artisans who owned their own shops and tools and employed less skilled artisans a helpers were called	Masters
The first step to become as master, worked for no pay was called an	apprentice
received pay but could only work under a master - was called a	journeyman
new class of people, those who no longer had to rely of the land to make their livin	Middle class
Middle class were called burgher in Germany, Bourgeoisie in France and ____________ in England	Burgesses
documents that gave them the right to control their own affairs	charters
early middle ages most illiterate, education controlled by the clergy,towns grew and need for educated officials simulated a new interest in learning, universities were formed, books scarce, teacher read text and discussed, students took ____-	NOTES
Students at the Universities studied Roman Law, works of Aristotle and Muslim writings and developed a system called _____________	scholasticism
This emphasized reason as well as faith in the interpretation of Christian doctrine	scholasticism
important scholastic thinker was ____________ who wrote Summa Theologica,	St. Thomas Aquinas
songs and epics of middle ages written down first time, _____________ composed lyric poems and songs about love and the feats of the knights	troubadors
________________ the language of everyday speech	vernacular
Medieval painters attention to much smaller art form, the _______________ __________ miniature masterpieces enduring to today	Illuminated Manuscripts
1337 to 1453 A.D. England and France fought a series of conflicts known as the _____________ ______ ____, Began when Edward III England laid claim to the French Crown	Hundred Years War
Major Battles in the Hundred Years War, Crecy 1346 & Agincourt 1415, were successful due to their weapons, the ___________	Firearm forerunner of cannon and the longbow
A famous maiden fought during these series of wars and she inspired a victory at Orleans a town under siege by the English, her name was	Joan of Arc
France suffered more than England as a result of these wars because most _________ occurred on _______ ______	fighting, French soil
This weapon made feudal warfare of castles and knights outdated	The longbow
during the hundred years war the English monarchy’s power became limited by this government body	Parliament
The war in England that increased Parliaments power was called the war of the _______	Roses
In the late 1400’s Spain emerged as a leading European power, before the Crusades Spain Christian rulers were fighting for the re-conquest of _______ areas in Spain	Muslim
by 1250 A.D there were three Realms in Spain, Castille, ________ and Granada	Aragon
- 1469 A.D Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabella of Castile married, Castille and Aragon their kingdoms maintained separate governments but their arnies joined and forced the Moors (Muslims) out of ________	Granada
afterward the Muslims wee forced from Spain religious toleration was ended, Convert or leave Spain, this began to to enforce Catholic teaching in Spain	The Spanish Inquisition
- The upheavals of Late Middle Ages caused by warfare, the plague and religious controversy, - people turned to the ________ for comfort and reassurance,	Church
1300’s A.D. papacy came under influence of the French Monarchy, French Archbishop elected Pope Clement V who moved the papacy from Rome to _________ to escape Civil Wars	Avignon
Papacy remained in Avignon until 1377 A.D.This was known as The ___________ _________ after Jewish exile of 500’s B.C.	Babylonian Captivity
1377 A.D. Pope Gregory XI left Avignon and returned to Rome, he died and roman mobs forced the College of Cardinals to elect an -________ as pope	Italian
Cardinals later declared election invalid, claimed they voted under pressure, The cardinals elected a second pope who settled in Avignon, when the Italian pope refused to resign Church now had two popes, this is known as the	Great Schism
another council at Constance Germany, forced resignation of all three popes and elected Pope _______ ending the Schism	Martin V
church authority weakened by dislike of abuses within the church, clergy used unpopular means to raise money, charged for almost any service the church performed, _____ _____ - popular preacher and professor University of Prague was called to Rome	Jan Hus
Jan Hus was promised safe passage to the Council of Constance to defend his views, the guarantee was ignored and he was ____________________ and became a martyr	burned at the stake
The practice of secular or lay rulers choosing nominees to church offices and giving them the symbols of their office was called	Lay Investiture
estates with peasants	Fiefs
a noble who served a lord of the next higher rank	vassal
ties between a lord and vassal were made official in a solemn ceremony known as	Homage
fortified Manor house for defense against enemies is called a	castle
a nobleman total authority within his fief is called a	Lord
a noblewoman is known as a	Lady
mock battles between knights, showing military skills were called	tournaments
to become a Knight training began at 7 as a ________ or assistant in house of Lord	page
at age 15 a page became a _______ assisted a knight and practiced using weapons	Squire
This code called for bravery in battle, fight fairly, keep promises, defend the Church treat women of noble birth with courteous manner	chivalry
Chivalry became the basis for ______ _________in western society	good manners
The wealth of the Lord came from the __________ who lived and worked the Lord's lands	peasants
agricultural system provided Lords and peasants with food, shelter and protection	Manorialism
describes political relationships between nobles	Feudalism
describes economic ties between nobles and peasants	manorialism
people who were bound to the manor and could not leave without permission but they were not slaves could not be sold	Serfs
Agricultural improvements during the feudal era included a new and heavier PLOW and a new method of planting called the	three field system
To leave one field fallow means that the field is ______ or not used for planting	idle
The _________ __________lacked freedom but it did offer a stable and secure way of life during an uncertain and violent time	Manorial system

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