Advanced Higher Word Scramble
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Question | Answer |
What is the definition for evolution? | Evolution is the change over time in the proportion of individuals in a population differing in one or more inherited traits. |
What are the two non-random processes that can cause evolution to occur. | Natural selection and sexual selection |
Which non-random process increases the frequency of alleles that increase reproductive chances? | Sexual selection |
Which non-random process increases the frequency of alleles that makes survival more likely? | Natural selection |
Is genetic drift random or non-random? | Random |
Genetic drift has a greater effect on ________________? and why? | Small populations, as alleles are more likely to be lost from the gene pool. |
What is absolute fitness? | The ratio of frequencies of a particular genotypes from one generation to the next. |
What is relative fitness? | The ratio of surviving offspring of one genotype compared with other genotypes. |
What are the three different forms of mutation that cause novel alleles? | Neutral, harmful, beneficial |
Which factors can affect the rate of evolution? | Horizontal gene transfer, warmer environments, shorter generation times, sharing of beneficial DNA sequences through sexual reproduction. |
Give an example of two species that co evolve. | Herbivores and plants; pollinators and plants; predators and their prey; parasites and their hosts. |
Variation in traits arises as a result of? | Mutations |
Define natural selection. | Increased selection pressure for favourable alleles that can survive and reproduce. |
Which types of mutation are more likely to occur? | Neutral and harmful |
Explain the term Co-evolution | Occurs in organisms that interact frequently. They are interdependent on one another |
Explain what is meant by an evolutionary arms race | One species increases selection pressure for competitor to evolve |
Explain the Red Queen hypothesis | Occurs in organisms that interact frequently. A change in a particular trait acts as a selection pressure on the other species. |
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