Meiosis and Mitosis Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
In the cell cycle, _______ is when the cell grows and carries out normal metabolism and organelles duplicate.	G1
In the cell cycle, _________ is when DNA replication and chromosome duplication occurs.	S
In the cell cycle, ______ is when the cell grows and prepares for mitosis.	G2
Interphase includes what phases?	G1,S,G2
Transcription and translation take place throughout _____________.	interphase
___________ is dispersed in interphase for transcription and replication.	Chromatin
In addition to DNA replication, _________ and ____________ are replicated in S-phase in preparation for mitosis.	histones, centrioles
_____________ condenses into _____________ and forms mitotic ______________ in mitosis. Since it is condensed, __________ and _________ stop.	chromatin, chromatid, chromosomes, transcription, replication
If there is no G1 or G2 and only S-phase, what happens to the cells? What are examples?	They divide a lot but don't grow. Embyronic cells, spermatogonia
If a cell is stuck in G1 or G0, what happens to the cell? What are examples?	There is no division. Neurons, muscle cells, RBCs
If a cell is inducible, it progresses from _______ to ________ if triggered. What are examples?	G1 to S. Lymphocytes, liver cells, cancer cells
The mitotic spindle contains two ________, each of which has two _________.	centrosomes, centrioles
_________ are fibers of DNA and associated protein that constitute chromosomes.	Chromatin
__________ are threadlike strands that are composed of the nuclear DNA of eukaryotic cells and are the carriers of genetic information	chromosomes
___________ are paired, rod-shaped members of mitotic chromosomes that together represent the duplicated chromosomes formed during replication in interphase.	Chromatid
Metabolic labeling with 3H thymidine only happens during what?	S-phase
What phases are controlled by soluble factors?	S-phase and mitosis
G1 chromosomes are compacted due to exposure to what?	cytoplasm of a mitotic cell
________ stimulates entry into mitosis, as seen by the compaction of DNA. It is made of _______ + __________.	Maturation-promoting factor. protein kinase + cyclin
____________ are enzymes that phosphorylate specific proteins	Kinases
________ is part of the MPF complex which regulates its activity.	Cyclin
___________ stimulates the progression from G1 to S-phase. _________ stimulates progression from G2 to mitosis.	G1 cyclin, Mitotic cyclin
Mitotic cyclin B1 accumulates in the ________ in the start of mitosis.	nucleus
______________ can act as molecular brakes to stop the cell cycle from progressing to the next step.	CdK inhibitor proteins
The ________ checkpoint sees if the environment is favorable.	G1
The ________ checkpoint sees if all DNA replicated and repaired.	G2
The __________ checkpoint sees if all chromosomes are properly attached to the mitotic spindle.	Mitosis
___________ is a single set of genetic information. Single genome.	Haploid
_________ is two full sets of genetic information. Two copies of the genome.	Diploid
_________ is many sets of genetic information.	polyploidy
_______ is the number of sets or copies of genetic information.	ploidy (n)
Human cells are mostly _______________ in G1.	2n2x2c
In G1, there are _______ chromosomes. They each consist of _______, ___________ DNA.	46, linear, double-stranded
In S phase, each chromosome doubles but the two products of DNA replication stay together and are called ______________. Each one is a _____________. The cell is now ___n___x	sister chromatids, double helix, 2n4x
In mitosis, 46 chromosomes condense and can be seen to consist of what?	2 sister chromatids each.
Sister chromatids are held together by _________.	Cohesin
After S-phase, there are ____ chromatids and ____ chromosomes. Why?	92, 46, because each chromosome consists of two double helices
During ________ of mitosis, paired homologous sister chromatids align at the middle of the cell. The paired 92 ___________ make 46 _________.	metaphase, chromatids, mitotic chromosomes
The goal of mitosis is to make _______ copies of cells with the same ________ and _______ content. There is no change in n.	two, ploidy, DNA content
In _________ of mitosis, chromosomal material condenses to form compact mitotic _________, which are seen to be composed of two _______ attached at the ______.	prophase, chromosomes,chromatids, centromere
In _________ of mitosis, the cytoskeleton is _________ and the mitotic spindle is ____________.	prophase, disassembled, assembled
In _________ of mitosis, the nuclear envelope disperses.	prophase
In ____________ of mitosis, chromosomal microtubules attach to ___________ of chromosomes. Chromosomes are moved to __________.	prometaphase, kinetochores, spindle equator
Homologous chromosomes have the same ________ but different __________. They (are/aren't?) identical.	genes, alleles, aren't
When sister chromatids split, are no changes in the ___________ of chromosomes.	number of sets
In _____________ of mitosis, chromosomes make sure they are attached correctly to spindle.	Prometaphase
In _________ of mitosis, chromosomes are aligned along the metaphase plate, attached by _________________ to both poles.	metaphase, chromosomal MTs
In __________ of mitosis, __________ split and chromatids separate.	Anaphase, centromeres
In Anaphase _____ of mitosis, chromosomes moved to opposite poles. Poles stay still and _____ get shorter.	A, MTs
In Anaphase _____ of mitosis, spindle poles move farther apart to get ____________ away from each other.	B, sister chromatids
In ___________ of mitosis, chromosomes cluster at opposite spindle points. __________ forms around chromosome clusters. Daughter cells are formed by __________.	Telophase, nuclear envelope, cytokinesis
__________ helps to keep the two products of DNA replication (________________) together after ____ phase, through ________, and into _______.	cohesin, sister chromatids, S, G2, mitosis
Phosphorylation of cohesin in early _________ causes a loss of cohesin between sister chromatids except at the _________.	prophase, centromere
__________ helps to compact and supercoil DNA in prophase.	Condensin
The __________ is a protein complex attached to the centromere.	Kinetochore
In humans all somatic cells have ______ chromosomes. ___________ contain 23 chromosomes.	46, gametes
In normal humans, there are two of each chromosome, one from mom and one from dad, called _________. Each has two ______________________.	homologs, sister chromatids
The longer the phase, the more cells you find in that phase. That's why you see most cells in ______________. Cells undergoing mitosis have more what?	interphase, condensed chromosomes
In __________ chromatin is disperse, then in __________ it condenses. In Anaphase, ___________- move toward opposite poles.	Interphase, prophase, sister chromatids
If a cell has 12 replicated chromosomes on the metaphase plate, what is n?	6
To look at karyotypes, we want to look at cells that have ____________ that have not separated into ___________ (which happens at anaphase).	condensed chromosomes, sister chromatids
To stop the spindle from forming, cells are subjected to ____________. Cells condense but mitosis can't begin without the spindle.	colchicine
_________ is the constricted region where the two chromatids are connected. ____________ constriction is at the centromere where the p and q arms are connected. P is the ______ arm and Q is the ________ arm.	Centromere, primary, short, long
_________ means the centromere is at or near the middle _________ means centromere is somewhat off center. ________ means centromere is near one end. ________ means centromere is are an end.	Metacentric, submetacentric, acrocentric, telocentric
_____________ constriction is an additional constriction on one of the arms of a centromere. This is usually where the _________________ is.	secondary, nucleolar organizer
__________ is the site where ribosomal proteins are assembled into ________________.	Nucleolus, ribosomal subunits
The shape of a chromosome depends on where its _________________ is (the centromere, where the kinetochore will be assembled to attach to ________ at mitosis)	primary constriction, MTs
___________ doesn't normally exist in cells as a separate, single-strand. It is a ______________.	DNA, double helix
When fertilization occurs, the resulting zygote will be ___n___x.	2n2x
What is a somatic cell after DNA replication? ___n___x	2n4x
How many Vicia faba chromosomes would be on a metaphase plate at mitosis? How many would move to each pole at anaphase? How many would be in each daughter cell?	12,12,12
How much DNA would be on a metaphase plate at mitosis? How much DNA would move to each pole at anaphase? How much DNA would be in each daughter cell?	4x, 2x, 2x
_______ checkpoint assures that all chromosomes reach the spindle equator before ________ begins.	Spindle, anaphase
Without ________________, chromosomes tend to reorient.	bipolar tension
If a chromosome is improperly attached, the cell stalls in _________. Once _________ is applied, cell proceeds.	metaphase, tension
It is the job of _____________________ to indirectly cause destruction of cohesin by cleaving _________.	Anaphase promoting factor, securin
When _______ is destroyed, sister chromatids can come apart.	Cohesin
In Anaphase ____, chromatids move towards the poles by shortening of the bundles of _______________ MTs that connect them to the pole to which they move.	Kinetochore
In Anaphase A, kinetochore microtubules get ___________.	shorter
In Anaphase A, ________ is (added to/lost from?)either or both the plus and minus ends of _______________ MTs, causing shortening.	tubulin, lost, chromosomal
In Anaphase B, ________ is (added to/lost from) the _________ ends of _________ MTs, helping them get longer.	tubulin, added to, plus, polar
______ calls for desctruction of some proteins that hold chromatids together, allowing progression from _________ to _________.	APC, metaphase, anaphase
________ binds to a regulatory protein at the end of mitosis, and calls for the destruction of mitotic ________. This enables progression into ________.	APC, cyclins, G1

Created by: jgold37