Chemistry Term II Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Mole Ratio | The ratio of moles of a substance to the moles of another substance in a balanced equation using the coefficients |
Stoichiometry | The relationship between the quantities of substances taking part in a reaction |
Limiting Reactent | The reactant in a chemical equation that is present in the lesser amount, and is completely used up |
Excess Reactant | The reactant that is left over |
Theoretical Yield | The amount of product predicted from the amounts of reactants used |
Actual Yield | The actual amount of product produced from the amounts of reactants used |
% Yield | The actual yield of product divided by the theoretical yield multiplied by 100 |
Photons | Wave packets of energy |
Electromagnetic Radiation | When energy is transmitted from one place to another by light |
Wavelength | Distance between wavecrests |
Frequency | Number of waves passing by a given point per second |
Ground State | Lowest energy level for electrons |
Excited State | Electrons have absorbed energy |
Electron Orbitals | Region of space around the nucleus of an atom within which there is a 90% probability of finding an electron |
Principal Energy Level | The energy level denoted by n, each containing a different number of sublevels |
Quantized | Only certain values are allowed in specific energy levels |
Bohr Model of the Atom | Electrons orbit the nucleus at set distances |
Wavelength Mechanical Model of the Atom | Electrons exist in atoms and determine the chemical and physical properties of elements |
Electron Configuration | A way to display the location of all electrons in an element |
Core Electrons | Electrons in the inner energy levels |
Valence Electrons | Electrons in outer sublevel |
Noble Gas Configuration | Shortcut for electron configuration |
Ionization energy | The amount of energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion |
Atomic Size | Atoms get bigger as you go down a group, and smaller from left to right |
Bond | The force that holds two or more atoms together and makes them function as a unit |
Bond Energy | The energy required to break a chemical bond |
Ionic Bonding | The attraction between oppositely charged ions |
Ionic Compound | A compound that results when a metal reacts with a nonmetal to form cations and anions |
Covalent Bonding | A type of bonding in which atoms share electrons equally |
Polar Covalent Bond | A covalent bond in which the electrons are not shared equally because one atom attracts the shared electrons more than the other |
Electronegativity | The tendency of an atom in a molecule to attract shared electrons to itself |
Dipole Moment | A property of a molecule in which the charge distribution can be represented by a center of positive charger and a center of negative charge |
Lewis Structure | A representation of a molecule or polyatomic ion showing how valence electrons are arranged among the atoms in the molecule |
Resonance | A condition occuring when more than one valid Lewis Structure can be written for a particular molecule |
Bent or V-Shape Structure | Two bonds and two unshared pairs on central atom |
Linear Structure | Two double bonds on central atom |
Trigonal Planar Structure | One double bond and two single bonds on a central atom |
Trigonal Pyramid Structure | Three single bonds and an unshared pair on a central atom |
Tetrahedral Structure | Four single bonds on a central atom |
Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion Model | Model used to predict molecular geometry |
Solution | Homogeneous mixture that doesn't settle |
Alloy | Solid mixed with another solid |
Aqueous Solution | Liquid solution in which water is the main component |
Solvent | Component present in the largest amount |
Solute | Component present in the lesser amount |
Soaps and Detergents | Molecules with both polar and non-polar parts that can dissolve in both polar and non-polar solvents |
Dilute | Relatively small amount of solute in mixture |
Concentrated | Relatively large amount of solute |
Unsaturated | Less than maximum amount of solute |
Saturated | Maximum amount of solute is dissolved in solution |
Supersaturated | More than maximum amount of solute is dissolved in solution |
Solubility | Maximum number of grams of solute per 100 mL of water and a given temperature |
Molarity | Concentration of solution (# of moles/volume |
Standard Solution | A solution in which the concentration is accurately known |
Dilution | The process of adding solvent to a solution to lower the concentration of solute (m1v1=m2v2) |
Stock Solution | Beginning concentrated solution |
Arrhenius Acid | Produces H+ in solution |
Arrhenius Base | Produces OH+ in solution |
Equivalent of an Acid | The amount of acid that can furnish one mole of hydrogen ions |
Equivalent Weight | The mass of one equivalent of an acid or base |
Normality | Number of equivalents per 1 L of solution |
Colligative Property | Depends only on the number of solute particles present in the solution |
Freezing Point Depression | Adding more solute to a solution will lower the freezing point of the solution |
Boiling Point Elevation | Adding more solute to a solution will increase the boiling point of the solution |
Bronsted-Lowery Acid | Proton Donor H+ |
Bronsted-Lowery Base | Proton Accepter |
Hydronium Ion | H3O+ ion formed when an acid is added to water |
Conjugate Acid | Substance formed when a proton is added to a base |
Conjugate Base | Remaining substance when a proton is lost from an acid |
Conjugate Acid-Base Pair | Two substances related to each other by the donating and accepting of a single proton |
Oxyacid | An acid in which the acidic hydrogen is attached to an oxygen atom |
Organic Acid | Acid with a carbon atom backbone |
Amphoteric | A substance that can act as both an acid and a base (water) |
pH | Scale used to specify the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution |
Indicators | Chemicals that change color depending on the pH of a solution in which they are placed |
Titration | A technique in which a solution of known concentration is used to determine the concentration of another solution |
Standard Solution | A solution in which the concentration is known |
Equivalence Point | The point in a titration when enough titrant has been added to react exactly with the substance in solution that is being titrated |
Buffered Solution | A solution that resists a change in pH when either an acid or a base is added |
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