CVS Pharmacology Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
What is myocardial stunning? | The reversible reduction of function of heart contraction after reperfusion not accounted for by tissue damage or reduced blood flow |
The calcium combines with calmodulin to form: | a complex that converts the enzyme myosin light-chain kinaseto its active form (MLCK) |
Beta2 agonists may cause relaxation in smooth muscle by: | accelerating the inactivation of MLCK |
Calcium influx is inhibited by | CCBs, leading to muscle relaxation |
Organic nitrates release | Nitric oxide |
What is the function of nitric oxide? | Activation of guanylyl cyclase and increases formation of cGMP |
What is the function of cGMP? | Smooth muscle relaxation by activating kinases that increase myosin phosphatase activity and decrease myosin phosphate levels |
α 1-Adrenoceptor agonists activate | phospholipase C (PLC) |
What is the function Phospholipase C (PLC)? | Increased formation of inositol triphosphate (IP3) from phosphatidyl inositol bisphosphate(PIP2), leading to increased release of calcium from the sarcoplasmic reticulum |
Function of B2 receptor agonists: | Increased formation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP), which activates kinases that inhibit myosin light-chain kinase |
What is the prototype of nitroglycerine? | Nitroglycerine |
What is the function of Nitroglycerine? | Nonspecific smooth muscle relaxant General vasodilation |
How is nitroglycerine administered? | Usually, sublingual But can be administered by many routes |
Onset of action of nitroglycerine? | 1-3 minutes, Peaks at 10 minutes |
DOA of nitroglycerine: | 15-30 minutes Until reductase in the liver breaks down the drug |
How long does arteriolar vasodilation last? | 5-10 minutes |
How long does venous vasodilation last? | 30 minutes |
Function of arteriolar vasodilation: | Decreases systemic blood pressure (afterload) and causes reflex tachycardia and increased contractility (the last two are deleterious effects) Might increase MVO2 |
Function of venous vasodilation: | Decreases venous return (preload) and decreases MVO2 |
Side effects of Nitroglycerine: | Headache Hypotension Tachycardia Increased intraocular and intracranial pressures Methemoglobinemia Tolerance: only for the arteriolar effects Withdrawal: in workers in ammunition industry |
Functions of Beta Adrenergic Blockers | Cause subjective and objective improvement Decreased number of anginal episodes Nitroglycerine consumption Enhanced exercise tolerance Improved ECG |
Advantages of taking Beta adrenergic blockers: | Prevent actions of catecholamines, so more effective during exertion Do not dilate coronary arteries Do not increase collateral blood flow |
Functions of CCBs: | Beneficial in vasospasm |
Harmful effects of CCBs: | Can affect platelets aggregation May be dangerous in the presence of heart failure and in patients susceptible to hypotension |
Side effects of CCBs: | Hypotension Headache Dizziness Flushing Peripheral edema. |
Function of Dipyridamole: | Inhibits the uptake of adenosine and inhibits adenosine deaminase enzyme Thought to be a good coronary dilator Increases the blood flow to the normal area Still used as an antiplatelet drug |
Other solutions for ischemic heart disease: | ACEI Anticoagulants and/or Thrombolytic Therapy Cholesterol Lowering Agents Angioplasty Surgery |
Newer anti-anginal drugs: | Metabolic modulators Direct bradycardic agents Potassium channel activators Rho-kinase inhibitors Sulfonylureas Thiazolidinediones Vasopeptidase inhibitors Nitric oxide donors Capsaicin Amiloride |
What is the newer metabolic modulator? | Ranolazine |
What is the newer bradycardiac agent? | Ivabradine |
What is the newer Potassium channel activators? | Nicorandil |
What is the newer Rho-kinase inhibitor? | Fasudil |
Newer sulfonylurea? | Glibenclamide |
Newest Nitric oxide donor: | L- arginine |
Additional Effects of CCBs: | A direct effect on HR and contractility (decrease) Indirect effect (from high doses) Increase HR and contractility (reflex) Enhance collateral vessel diameter The ratio of epicardial to endocardial blood flow/endo is increased |
Nifedpine is not used in | cardiac arrhythmias , unlike verapmil which is effective in almost everything |
Created by:
Ulaisl
Popular Pharmacology sets