Chem 1052 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Combustion | the reaction of an alcohol with oxygen to produce CO2, H2O, and energy |
what happens when an organic comp is oxidized? | -There's an increase in number of C-O bonds ...... -There's a loss of H |
what happens when an organic comp is reduced? | -there's a decrease in number of C-O bonds ........ -there's a gain of H |
bond formed btwn alcohol molecs? | H bonds |
why are phenols weak acids | they have an -OH group that slightly ionizes |
what is the carbonyl group in an aldehyde | it has a carbonyl C bonded to one H atom |
what is the carbonyl group in a ketone | it has the carbonyl C bonded to 2 C atoms |
hemiacetals | C atoms that contain -OH group and an alkoxy group (-OR) |
when are hemiacetals formed | they are formed when an alcohol adds to an aldehyde or ketone in the presence of an acid catalyst |
what do hemiacetals react with | they react with a 2nd alcohol molec to produce an acetal |
acetal | -a C with 2 alkoxy groups (-OR) -are produced when a hemiacetal reacts with another alcohol molec |
cyclic acetals | -they form when an alcohol adds to a cyclic hemiacetal ********************** -the type of linkage that bonds glucose molecs to each other in formation of disaccharides and polysaccharides |
maltose | -a disaccharide consisting of 2 glucose molecs linked by an acetal bond ************* -has one glucose that retains the cyclic hemiacetal bond |
structural isomers | molecules that have the same formula but diff bonding arrangements |
stereoisomers | -have atoms that are bonded in the same sequence, but differ in the way they're arranged in space -molecs that are nonsuperimposable mirror images |
molecs are chiral when they are ______. | nonnsuperimposable |
nonsuperimposable | when something's mirror image can't be completely matched |
when are molecs achiral | when the mirror image of the molec is identical and can be superimposed on the original |
when are C atoms chiral | -when they have 4 diff atoms or groups *********** -when they are nonsuperimposable |
enantiomers | stereoisomers that cannot be superimposed |
what are the enantiomers of a chiral molec | -mirror images that cannot be superimposed on each other |
are achiral structures nonsuperimposable or superimposable? | superimposable |
what happens when the mirror image of an achiral structure is rotated? | -the structure is aligned with its initial structure ******** -its mirror image is superimposable |
what are the 3 types of carbs | monosaccharides disaccharides polysaccharides |
what do monosaccharides consist of | -3-6 C atoms ************* -a carbonyl group (aldehyde or ketone) ************* -several (-OH) groups |
what are the two types of structures of monosaccharides | aldoses ***** ketoses |
aldoses | -monosaccharide structure ********** -the carbonyl group on the first C is an aldehyde *********** -also has many (-OH) groups |
ketoses | -monosaccharide structure ************** -there's a ketone carbonyl group on the 2nd C ****************** -also has many (-OH) groups |
naming monosaccharides | -the names end in (-ose) ************ -may be named according to the # of C atoms (triose = 3 C atoms) |
naming aldoses | put aldo- in front of the monosaccharide name |
naming ketoses | put keto- in front of the monosaccharide name |
what are the most important monosaccharides | the hexoses of: -glucose -galactose -fructose |
when two monosaccharides combine in a dehydration rxn, what are the products? | water and acetal |
what happens hen monosaccharides are reduced | -the carbonyl group is turned into an alcohol group *********** -produces sugar alcohols called alditols (named by replacing -ose with -itol) |
what are the three most common disaccharides | maltose ***** lactose ****** sucrose |
maltose | -a disaccharide composed of two D-glucose molecs ****** -linked by a-1,4-glycosidic bond btwn a-OH on C1 of 1st glucose and -OH on C4 of 2nd glucose ******* -found in both a- and B- forms |
lactose | -a disaccharide of B-D-galactose and a- or B-D-glucose *********** -contains a B1,4-glycosidic bond ******************* -found in both a- and B- forms |
sucrose | -aka table sugar **************** -disaccharide of a-D-glucose and B-D-fructose *********** -has an a,B-1,2-glycosidic bond |
how do polysaccharides differ from one another | -differ in types of links btwn monosaccharides and the monosaccharides in the polymer -differ by amt of branching in the polymer |
what is the IUPAC name for Benzene | benzoic acid |
naming carboxylic acids (IUPAC) | 1.) identify longest C chain and replace (-e) in alkane name with (-oic acid) ************ 2.) give location and name of each sub by counting the carboxyl C as 1 |
how are carboxylic acids prepared | -by oxidizing primary alcohols or aldehydes **** -from oxidation of ethanol |
solubility of carboxylic acids with 1-5 C in water | very soluble in water |
polarity of carboxylic acids | -strongly polar ************* -have 2 polar groups: hydroxyl (-OH) and carbonyl (C=O) |
how do esters differ from carboxylic acids | they differ from carboxylic acids by replacement of (-OH) group with alkoxy group (-OR) |
esterification | -rxn of a carboxylic acid and alcohol in presence of an acid catalyst to produce an ester ******* -is a condensation rxn b/c it produces water |
naming esters (IUPAC) | 1.) write the name of the C chain from the alcohol as an alkyl group ******************* 2.) change the -ic acid of the acid name to -ate |
esters have higher BP's than _____ | have higher BP than for alkanes of similar mass |
esters have lower BP's than _____ | have lower BP than alcohols and carboxylic acids of similar mass b/c esters can't form H bonds with each other |
acid hydrolysis of esters | -an ester reacts with water to produce a carboxylic acid and an alcohol ******************* -a strong acid catalyst or an enzyme is required |
base hydrolysis | -aka saponification******* -rxn of an ester w/ a strong base************** -produces the salt of the carboxylic acid and an alcohol |
what does saponification of long-chain fatty acids produce? | it produces acid salts called "soaps" |
Created by:
ekaltenrieder
Popular Chemistry sets