OAT - Chem Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Term | Definition |
chemical kinetics | study of rates of rxns, the effect of rxn conditions on these rates, and the mechanisms implied by such observations |
mechanism | series of steps thru which a chemical rxn occurs |
Rate-determining Step | the slowest step in a mechanism; overall rxn can't go faster than this step |
Molarity | M; mol/L |
Rate | M/s or mol/Lxs |
Rate Law | the rate is proportional to the product of the concentrations of the reactants raised to some power; rate = k [A]^x [B]^y |
Rate Constant | k |
Orders of rxn | exponents on the reactants (x and y) |
overall order of a rxn | sum of exponents (x + y) |
Zero-Order rxn | constant rate independent of reactant concentration so rate law is rate = k |
First-Order rxn | rate is proportional to the concentration of one reactant; rate = k [A] (radioactive decay) |
Second-Order rxn | rate is proportional to the concentration of two reactants or the square product of a single reactant; rate = k[A]2 or k[A][B] |
Mixed-Order | has a fractional order; rate = k[A]^1/3 |
Higher-Order rxn | order greater than 2 |
Collision Theory of Chemical Kinetics | the rate of a rxn is proportional to the number of collisions per second btwn molecules |
Activation E | min amount of E necessary for a rxn to take place; rate = fZ |
rate = fZ | Z = number of collisions/s f = fraction of effective collisons |
Transition State/Activated Complex | greatest E, once formed it can dissociate into products or revert to reactants; exists at top of E barrier |
Enthalpy | H; difference btwn PE of products and reactants. Products-Reactant |
Exothermic | negative enthalpy and heat was given off |
Endothermic | positive enthalpy and heat is absorbed/added |
Reactant Concentrations affecting Rate | the higher the concentrations, the faster the rate cuz more collisions cept zero order rxns |
Temperature | higher the temp, faster the rate |
Medium | some reactions go faster in aqueous soln and others more in benzene; state (s l or g) can have effect too |
Catalysts | substances that increase rxn rate w/o being consumed; they lower Ea.; increases frequency of collisions |
Equilibrium | when there is no NET change in the concentrations of the products and reactants during a reversible rxn |
Kc | equilibrium constant; kf/kr |
Law of Mass Action | Kc = prducts^exponents/reactants^exponents |
Keq characteristics | 1. pure solids and liquids DONT appear in equilibrium constant 2. at a given temp 3. If Keq is more than 1, then the mixture will have more products 4. If Keq is less than 1, then more reactants |
Le Chatelier's Principle | a system to which a stress is applied tends to change so as to relieve the applied stress; used to determine the direction of a rxn after a stress is applied to equilibrium |
Changes in Pressure/Volume | only for gases; V and P inversely proportional; If P increases, shift to least moles; if V increases, P decreases and shift to more moles |
Temperature Changes | alters position of equilibrium and alters the value of equilibrium constant |
Created by:
JaeBae4444
Popular Chemistry sets