#srausaap Word Scramble

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Term	Definition
Socrates	Plato's teacher. Believed that mind was separate from the body. Knowledge is innate. Nature.
Aristotle	Derived principals from careful observation. Believed knowledge was NOT preexisting. Nurture
Descartes	Nature. Disected animals and said a fluid in brains cavities contained "animal spirits." Now called nerves.
John Locke	Nurture. Mind is a blank slate.
William Wundt	Measured "atoms of the mind." Birth of psychology.
William James	Studied functions of thoughts and feelings. Functionalist. Influenced by Darwin.
Edward Titchener	Introduced structuralism. Method was to gain insight through self-reflective introspection (looking inward).
Mary Calkins	First female in graduate seminar. Memory researcher. APA's first female president.
Margaret Washburn	First female psych PhD. 2nd female APA president. Wrote "the animal mind." Denied to join organization of experimental psychologists.
Confounding variable	A factor other than the independent variable that might produce an effect on an experiment.
Control group	The group that is not exposed to the treatment; serves as a comparison for evaluating effect of the treatment.
Correlational coefficient	Statistical index of the relationship between two things.
Normal curve	bell-shaped curve that describes the distribution of many types of data.
Population	All cases in a group being studied where samples may be drawn.
Random sample	Sample that fairly represents a population because each member had equal chance of inclusion.
Statistical significance	How likely it is a result occurred by chance.
Action Potential	Neural impulse; breif electric charge that travels down an axon.
Adrenal glands	Pair of endocrine glands that sit above kidneys; help arouse body in times of stress.
Autonomic nervous system	Part of peripheral nervous system that controls muscles and internal organs. Hold the sypathetic and parasympathetic nervous system.
Axon	The extension of a neuron; through the axon messages pass to other neurons or muscle glands.
Central Nervous System	The brain and spinal chord/
Dendrite	branchy extensions of a neuron that recieves messages and conducts impulses toward the cell body.
Endocrine system	"slow" chemical communication system. Set of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream.
Endorphins	Neurotransmitters linked to pain control and pleasure.
Motor neurons	Carry outgoing information from brain to muscles.
Mylin Sheath	Layer of fatty tissue encasing fibers of many neurons. Causes greater speed of neural impulses.
Nerves	Bundled axons connecting CNS with muscles, glands, and sense organs.
Nervous system	All nerve cells and CNS.
Hormones	Chemical messages manufactured by endocrine glands. Travel through blood stream and effect other tissues.
Neurotransmitters	Chemical messages that cross synaptic gaps between neurons.
Parasympathetic nervous system	Calms the body and conserves energy.
Pituitary glad	Endocrines most influential gland. Regulates growth and controls other endocrine glands.
Reuptake	Neurotransmitters reabsorbtion by the sending neuron.
Sensory neurons	Carry incoming information from the sensory receptors to brain and spinal chord.
Somatic nervous system	Division of peripheral nervous system that controls skeletal muscles.
Sympathetic nervous system	Division of ANS that arouses the body in stressful situations.
Synapse	Junction between axon tip of sending neuron and dendrite or cell body of recieving neuron. Tiny gap at junction called synaptic gap.
Threshold	Level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse.
Amyygdala	Two lima bean-sized neural clusters in the limbic system; linked to emotion.
Aphasia	Impairment of language usually caused by left hemisphere damage.
Association areas	Areas of the cerebral cortex not involved with priming or sensory functions; involved in higher mental functions such as learning, remembering, thinking and speaking.
Brainstem	Oldest part and central core of the brain. Responsible for automatic survival functions.
Broca's area	Controls language and expression; usually in left frontal lobe.
Cerebellum	Processes sensory input and coordinating movement output and balance.
Cerebral cortex	Fabric of interconnected neural cells covering the cerebral hemisphere; ultimate control and information processing center.
Cognitive neuroscience	Interdiseiplinary study of the brain activity linked with cognition.
Corpus Callosum	Large band of neural fibers connecting the 2 hemispheres and carrying messages between them.
Dual processing	Information is often simotaneously processed on separate concious and unconcious tracks.
EEG	Amplified recording of the waves of electric activity that sweep accross the brains surface. Measured by electrodes placed on the scalp.
Frontal lobes	Portion of cerebral cortext just behind the forehead; involved in making plans and judgements.
fMRI	Show brain function.
Glial cells	Support, nurish, and protect neurons.
Hypothalamus	Directs maintenance activities.
After Image Effect	Continuing to see an image after it's left.
Availability Heuristic	Mental short-cut relying on readily available knowledge.
Misinformation Effect	Recall of memory becomes less accurate.
Optimistic Explanatory Style	Blaming others for negative events; believing events end soon.
Proactive Interference	Forgetting because of events that occurred prior to what you wanted to learn.
Drive Reduction Theory	A need creates a drive that motivates organism to satisfy the need.
Homeostasis	Maintaining a balanced and constant internal state.
Incentive	Positive or negative stimulus motivating behaviour.
Glucose	Sugar that circulates in blood to provide energy for body tissues.
Set Point	Where a persons "weight thermostat" is set.
Basal Metabolic Rate	The body's resting rate of energy expenditure.
Sexual Response Cycle	The four stages, excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution.
Refractory Period	The resting period after an orgasm.
Estrogens	Sex hormones contributing to femal sex characteristics.
Testosterone	Most important male sex hormone.
Sexual Orientation	Enduring sexual attraction toward a specific sex.
Emotion	Response to a whole organism; arousal, behaviour and experience.
James-Lange Theory	Responses caused by physiological responses to emotion - arousing stimuli.
Cannon-Bard Theory	Physiological response and emotion appear simultaneously.
Two-Factor Theory	Emotion caused by physically aroused and cognitively labelled.
Catharsis	Releasing aggressive energy, relieves aggressive urges.
Feel-Good, Do-Good Phenominon	Tendency yo be helpful when already in a good mood.
Adaption Level Phenomenon	Forming judgements based on prior experience.
Relative Deprivation	Thinking we're worse off than who we compare ourselves to.
Behavioral Medicine	Applying behavioral and medical knowledge to health and disease.
Stress	How we precieve and respond to events.
General Adaptation Syndrome	Response to stress; alarm, resistance, exhaustion.
Type A	Competitive, hard-driving, impatient, and anger-prone.
Type B	Term for easy-going, relaxed people.
Psychoneuroimmunology	How endocrine, neural, and psychological processes effect the immune system.
Lymphocytes	Blood cells apart of immune system.
ADHD	Extreme inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity.
Medical model	Thought that psychological disorders are treatable via hospitals.
Anxiety Disorders	Distressing, persistent anxiety or maladaptive behaviors.
GAD	Person is continually tense, apprehensive, in a state of ANS arousal.
Panic Disorder	Unpredictable, minutes-long episodes of extreme panic.
Phobia	Persistent, irrational fear and avoidance of something.
OCD	Unwanted repetitive thoughts or/and actions.
PTSD	Haunting memories that last 4 weeks of more after traumatic experience.
Somatoform Disorder	Somatic symptom without physical cause.
Conversion Disorder	Very specific physical syptom with no physiological basis.
Hypochondriasis	Interpreting normal physical sensations as a disease.
Dissociative Disorders	Concious awareness becomes seperated from memories.
DID	A person has 2 or more distinct alternating personalities.
Mood Disorders	Characterized by emotional extremes.
Mania	Hyperactive, wildly optimistic state.
Bipolar Disorder	Alternating between depression and mania.
Schizophrenia	Disorganized and delusional thinking, disturbed perceptions and inappropriate emotions.
Delusions	False beliefs. Often of persecution or grandeur.
Active Listening	Empathetic listening with echoes, restatements, and clarification.
Antianxiety Drugs	Drugs used to control anxiety and agitation.
Antidepression Dtugs	Drugs used to treat depression and sometimes anxiety.
Antipsychotic Drugs	Drugs used to treat schizophrenia and forms of it.
Aversive COnditioning	Counter conditioning associating a Unpleasant State with a Unwanted Behavior.
Behavior Therapy	Learning principals to the elimination of Unwanted Behavior.
Biomedical Therapy	Prescribed medications acting on the nervous system.
Client-Centered Therapy	Humanistic therapy that is client-lead.
Cognitive Therapy	Teaching new ways of thinking and acting.
Cognitive-behavioral Therapy	Combining cognitive and behavioral therapy.
Counterconditioning	Evoking new responses to stimuli; exposure therapy and aversive conditioning.
Eclectic Approach	Using techniques from various forms of therapy.
Electroconvulsive Therapy	Electric current through depressed patient.
Evidence-Based Practice	Intregrating research, expertise, and preferences in decision-making.
Exposure Therapy	Exposing people to things they fear or avoid.
Family Therapy	Views unwanted behavior as influenced by a member of the family.
Insight Therapy	Increasing clients awareness underlying motives and defenses.
Interpretation	Dream meanings, resistances, promoting insight.
Lobotomy	Removal of a part of the brain.
Meta-Analysis	Combining results of many different research studies.
Psychoanalysis	Freud's theory to analyzing thoughts and unconcious motives.
Psychopharmacology	Effects of drugs on behavior and mind.
Psychodynamic Therapy	View individuals as responding to unconcious forces and childhood experiences.
Psychosurgery	Removing or destroying brain tissues to change behavior.
Psychotherapy	Treatment between therapist and person looking to ove4rcome a problem.
Regression Toward the Mean	Extreme of unusual scores falling back toward average.
Resilence	Personal strength helping most people cope with stress.
Resistence	Blocking from conciousness of anxiety-laden material.
Systematic Desensitization	Exposure therapy; pleasant, relaxed state with gradually at stimuli.
Tardire Dyskinesia	Involunary movement of facial muscles, tongue and limbs.
Token Economy	Exchanging tokens for desired behavior for treats/priveledges
Transference	Treating the threapist as someone close to you.
Unconditional Positive Regard	Seeing someone positively despite wrong doings.

Created by: sarahrausa