ch 21 vocab Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Term | Definition |
nucleon | a particle found in the nucleus of an atom |
radioactive | possessing radioactivity, the spontaneous disintegration of an unstable atomic nucleus with accompanying emission of radiation |
radionuclide | a radioactive nuclide |
radioisiotope | an isotope that is radioactive; that is, it is undergoing nuclear changes with emission of radiation |
alpha particle | particles that are identical to helium-4 nuclei, consisting of two protons and two neutrons 4/2 He or 4/2 a |
beta particle | energetic electrons emitted broom the nucleus 0/-1e |
positron | a particle with the same mass as an electron but with a positive charge 0/1e |
electron capture | a mode of radioactive decay in which an inner-shell orbital electron is captured by the nucleus |
gamma radiation | energetic electromagnetic radiation emanating from the nucleus of a radioactive atom |
magic numbers | numbers of protons and neutrons that result in very stable nuclei |
radioactive series (nuclear disintegration series) | a series of nuclear reactions that begins with an unstable nucleus and terminates with a stable one |
nuclear transmutation | a conversion of one kind of nucleus to another |
particle accelerator | a device that uses strong magnetic and electrostatic fields to accelerate charges particles |
transuranium elements | elements that follow uranium in the periodic table |
becquerel (Bq) | the SI unit of radioactivity. it corresponds to one nuclear disintegration per second |
curie (Ci) | a measure of radioactivity. 1 curie = 3.7 x 10^10 nuclear disintegration per second |
activity | the decay rate of a radioactive material, generally expressed as the number of disintegrations per unit time |
half-life | the time required for the concentration of a reactant substance to decrease to half its initial value, the time required for half of a sample of a particular radioisotope to decay |
geiger counter | a device that can detect and measure radioactivity |
scintillation counter | an instrument that is used to detect and measure radiation by the fluorescence it produces in a fluorescing medium |
radiotracer | a radioisotope that can be used to trace the path of an element in a chemical system |
mass defect | the difference between the mass of a nucleus and the total masses of the individual nucleons that it contains |
nuclear binding energy | the energy required to decompose an atomic nucleus into its component protons and neutrons |
fission | the splitting of a large nucleus into two smaller ones |
fusion | the joining of two light nuclei to form a more massive one |
chain reaction | a series of reaction in which one reaction initiates the next |
critical mass | the amount of fissionable material necessary to maintain a chain reaction |
supercritical mass | an amount of fissionable material larger than the critical mass |
thermonuclear reaction | another name for fusion reactions, reactions in which two light nuclei are joined to form a more massive one |
ionizing radiation | radiation that has sufficient energy to remove an electron from a molecule, thereby ionizing it |
nonionizing radiation | radiation that does not have sufficient energy to remove an electron from a molecule |
free radicals | a substance with one or more unpaired electrons |
gray (Gy) | the SI unit for radiation does corresponding to the absorption of 1 J of energy per kilogram of tissue |
rad | a measure of the energy absorbed from a radiation by tissue or other biological material |
rem | a measure of the biological damage caused by radiation |
Created by:
agloskowski
Popular Chemistry sets