X-RAY INTERACTIONS W Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
| Question | Answer |
| will lose all of its kinetic energy and deposit in a shell on an atom | COMPTON EFFECT |
| classical scattering | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| general graying of the radiograph which reduces contrast | FOG |
| Incident x-ray photon interacts with target atom | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| Occurs with x-rays of moderate energy | COMPTON EFFECT |
| Occurs with photons less than 10 keV | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| Coherent scattering contributes to | Fog |
| No ionization occurs | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| Thompson scattering | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| Also known as Compton scattering | COMPTON EFFECT |
| occur most common | Compton and Photoelectric effects |
| This is an absorptive phenomena | PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| Electron that is removed from the atom is termed a | photoelectron |
| X-ray photon is not scattered but is absorbed | PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| X-ray photons undergo an ionizing interaction with inner shell electrons | PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| They are more tightly bound | PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| an absorption phenomenon | PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| The photoelectron escapes with kinetic energy equal to the difference between the energy of the incident x-ray photon and the binding energy of the electron | PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| atom is excited and releases the excess energy as a scattered x-ray | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| Xray photon of the same energy but in a different directionà | scatter photon |
| Causes the target atom to get excited and go to a higher state | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| approximately 5% of photons undergo coherent scattering | At 70 kVp |
| Incident x-ray and scattered x-ray have the same wavelength and the same energy | COHERENT SCATTERING |
| Incident x-ray photon interacts with an outer shell electron of the target atom and ejects the electron | ionization |
| ionization | COMPTON EFFECT |
| Scattered photon can be scattered in any direction including 180 degrees backwards | backscatter radiation |
| Usually scattered x-ray photon retains most of the energy of the incident x-ray | COMPTON EFFECT |
| looses the outer shell electron | COMPTON EFFECT |
| Backscatter radiation can come from | the patient, the cassette, or the tray |
| causes radiographs to look duller and flatter | Compton effect |
| electron has some kinetic energy after it is ejected | COMPTON EFFECT |
| hazardous to x-ray technicians and doctors | backscatter |
| the material in which x-ray photons or light photons emitted from the screens form the radiographic image | Emulsion |
| homogenous mixture of gelatin and silver halide crystals | Emulsion |
| foundation of the film | FILM BASE |
| Provides rigid structure but is flexible and fracture resistant | FILM BASE |
| Film base is made of | polyester |
| added to the base to tint the film | Blue dye |
| reduces eyestrain | Tinting |
| Original base | glass plates |
| In the mid 1920’s a safety base film began to be used | cellulose triacetate |
| The photon is directly absorbed by the nucleus | PHOTODISINTEGRATION |
| The nucleus is excited and instantaneously releases a nucleon or other nuclear fragment | PHOTODISINTEGRATION |
| The electron produced falls into a vacant shello | PHOTODISINTEGRATION |
| the quantity of matter per unit volume | MASS DENSITY |
| When the mass density is doubled | x-ray interaction is doubled |
| The radiographic image results from approximately | 1% of the x-rays |
| x-ray incident on the patient that reach the film | Less than 5% |
| The positron combines with another electron and energy is produced | annihilation radiation |
| X-ray photon goes close to the nuclear field of the an atom and disappears | PAIR PRODUCTION |
| Occurs with high energy x-ray photons – not diagnostic x-rays | PAIR PRODUCTION |
| Photon reduction is done exponentially | ATTENUATION |
| The reduction of the number of electrons in a beam | ATTENUATION |
| The half value layer for soft tissue is | 5 cm |
| x-rays that remain after the useful beam exits the patient | Remnant beam |
| Image forming x-rays interact with | image receptor |
| The thickness of radiographic film is between | 150-300 micrometers |
| Usually the emulsion is on both sides of the base | double emulsion |
| Two basic parts of film | film base and emulsion |
| protective covering made of gelatin | supercoat |
| binds the emulsion to the base | adhesive |
| chemical contaminant added to the crystal | silver-gold sulfide |
| silver-gold sulfide is called | sensitivity speck |
| determined by the process of how the silver halide crystals are formed | Film speed, contrast(gray scale), and resolution(clearness) |
| During the exposure, photoelectrons and silver ions are attracted to the sensitivity center and these form | silver metal (the latent image) |
| The blackness on the Xray film is due to | Silver metal |
| image after the exposure | latent image |
| image during chemical processing | manifest image |
| Only two interactions are important to radiology | Compton effect and the photoelectric effect |
| X-rays that undergo the photoelectric effect produce | diagnostic information |
| X-rays that do not reach the film give an | opaque area |
| In an optimally exposed film ________ are collected at the sensitivity center | 4-10 silver atoms |
| During processing, more silver atoms collect at the latent image center to form the | radiographic image (manifest image) |
| The collection of silver atoms is a | black grain |
| the functional part of the Xray emulsion | Silver halide crystals |
| the support medium for the silver halide crystals | gelatin |
| x-rays emerging from the tube that will be incident on the patient | Useful beam |
| Remnant beam consists of | x-rays and scattered x-rays |
| produced after a photoelectric interaction | characteristic xray |
| Ejection of a k shell electron from an incident x-ray causes an electron from an outer shell (usually the l shell) to drop in and fill the closer shell | PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT |
| Interactions with low atomic number atoms (low binding energy) results in the photoelectron having | large amount of kinetic energy |
| As x-ray photon energy increases | the photoelectric effect decreases |
| As atomic number increases | the photoelectric effect increases |
| can only occur if the incident photon has enough energy to cause ionization | photoelectric effect |
Created by:
hakrrins
Popular Radiology sets