Pharm Test 3 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Glands of the endocrine system | Hypothalamus Pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Pancreas Adrenal Gonads |
Adenohypophysis | Gland portion of pituitary |
Neurohypophysis | Nerve portion of pituitary (also called hypothalamus) |
Master gland | Hypothalamus |
Parathyroid function | Calcium and phosphorous metabolism |
Thyroid function | Metabolic rate Hormones have "thryo" in the name |
Adrenal function | Cortex - corticosteroids Medulla - sympathetic hormones |
Pancreas function | Exocrine: Secretes digestive enzymes Endocrine: Control of blood sugar Islets of Langerhans - produce insulin and glucagon |
Gonad function | Excrete sex steroids |
"dual role gland" | Pancreas - it's endocrine AND exocrine |
Hormone sustances made from? | Small peptides / proteins Cholesterol |
Hypophysis | Hypophysis means pituitary made of 2 parts: neurohypophsis - hypothalamus adenohypophysis - pituitary |
Hormones that affect blood sugar (general concept) | Insulin decreases blood sugar All others increase blood sugar |
meaning: adeno- neuro- | adeno- means gland neuro- means nerve |
Pituitary gland lobes | anterior - secretion of hormones posterior - storage of hormones |
Growth hormone deficiency causes | dwarfism |
Hypopituitarism | decreased amounts of one of the pituitary hormones |
somatropin | growth hormone (give SC or IM or skin mist) SE (hypothyroidism and D.M.) Won't work if growth plates are closed |
Giantism cause | XS growth hormone before growth plate closure |
XS growth hormone treatment | octreotide (Sandostatin). lanreotide (Somatulin). bromocriptine (Parlodel). pregvisomant - SE: inj site pain ALL inhibit growth hormone- SE: GI |
Acromegaly cause | XS growth hormone after growth plate closure |
pregvisomant (Somavert) [somatropin avert]- SE | inj site pain, GI effects |
ADH | Prevents excretion of fluids (urine) Works in the renal tubules |
ADH - SE | Hypervolemia Incr. BP |
Vasopressin/ADH pharmacologic equivalent | desmopressin - tradename=DDAVP = synthetic ADH. |
Hormones from the adrenal medulla | sympathetic hormones epi & norepi |
Hormones from the adrenal cortex | as a class "corticosteroids" glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids, sex steroids, androgens |
glucocorticoid drugs | beclomethasone, betamethasone, budesonide, dexamethasone, cortisone, flunisolide, hydrocortisone, prednisone, prednisolone, triamcinolone, methyl prednisolone |
naturally occurring mineralocorticoid | aldosterone |
Addison's disease | cortisol (natural glucocorticoid) deficiency aka adrenal insufficiency or adrenal crisis hypotension, electrolytes problems, shock, fluid shifts, |
Cushing's disease | XS cortisol moon faced, striae of skin, weight gain, truncal obesity, thin skin, humpback, peptic ulcers, growth retardation in children, may suppress immune system, electrolyte problems Same symptoms of prednisone XS |
Nursing implications for steroids | follow glucose, assess inflammation, follow lytes Take early in the morning teach client to report s/s infection |
TSH in hypothyroidism | TSH=High |
TSH in hyperthyroidism | TSH=Low |
Thyroid replacement drugs for hypothyroidism | levothyroxine (T4) liothyronine (T3) liotrix = both of the 2 in the same pill |
Hyperthyroidism treatment (XS T3/T4) | methimazole PTU KI All contraindicated when pregnant |
methimazole SE | bone marrow suppression - monitor CBC |
Hyperthyroid drugs: nursing implications | cardiac response, monitor TSH, T3, T4 |
PTH | Phosphate trashing hormone Parathyroid hormone Decreases P, increases Ca |
hypoparathyroidism | increases blood calcium (which decreases bone calcium) |
Drug for otsteoporosis | alendronate (Fosamax) increases bone formation which (decreases blood calcium levels) |
calcitriol teriparatide | Vitamin D analog, makes you take up and store Ca rPTH |
antihypocalcemic agents | calcitriol (Rocatrol), teriparatide (Forteo) |
Diabetes insipidus | Too little ADH (as opposed to SIADH or too much ADH) |
Diabetes mellitus | Error in carbohydrate (glucose) metabolism |
Insulin dependent diabetes | All Type I diabetics Some Type II diabetics |
Noninsulin dependent diabetes | Type II Controlled with diet or oral medications |
Glucose normal lab value | 70-110 |
Insulin types | Rapid: lispro, aspart Short: regular Intermediate: NPH Long lasting: detrimir, glargine |
Insulin standard concentration Insulin injection route | 100 Units/mL SC |
Rapid acting insulin facts | lispro, aspart Onset: 5-10m, Peak: 30-90m (lispro), 1-3h (aspart) Duration: 2-5h Give just before patient eats! |
Short acting insulin facts | Regular Onset: 30-60m, Peak 2-4h, Duration 6-8h. Client MUST eat within 30 minutes! Regular insulin is clear, and the only insulin given IV |
Intermediate acting insulin facts | NPH Given to control glucose levels throughout the day. Onset:1-2h, Peak: 6-12h, Duration: 18-24h. CLOUDY SOLUTION!!!! Mix gently before administering. |
Long acting insulin facts | glargine, detrimir Longest onset and duration. Peak not as prominent. Glargine - no real peak. Detrimir peak:3-6h. Both active for 24h. Clear soln, but cannot dilute or mix with other insulins. |
Insulin onset by type | lispro: 15-30m regular: 30-60m NPH: 1-2h Glargine, detrimir: long delayed onset |
Insulin peak by type | RAPID -lispro: 30-90m. Aspart: 1-3h. SHORT - regular: 2-4h. INTERMEDIATE: NPH: 6-12h. LONG ACTING: glargine - no real peak, detrimir: 3-6h |
Insulin duration by type | Aspart, lispro: 2-4h. Regular: 6-8h. NPH: 18-24h. Glargine, detrimir: 24h. |
Combination insulin | Usually NPH/Regular 70/30 |
Insulin administration tips | SC, 45-90d angle, aborbed greater in deltoid / abdomial, rotate sites to avoid lipodystrophy (fat atrophy). Must have witness. When mixing: draw clear first, then cloudy. |
Sliding scale insulin (SSI) | Generally regular insulin. |
Oral hypglycemics (5 classifications) | 1st generation sulfonylureas 2nd generation sulfonylureas Biguanine |
1st generation oral hypoglycemic | chlorpropamide. tolbutamide Both are sulfonylureas. |
2nd generation oral hypoglycemic | glyburide (Micronase). glipzide (Glucatrol). glimiprimide (Amaryl). The "gly-" "gli" drugs |
metformin (Glucophage) action | Helps take up more insulin |
acarbose (Precose) action | slows down absorption of sugar |
pioglitazone (Actos) | helps decrease insulin resistance. |
luraglutide (Victoza) | Enhances insulin secretion (bid dosing) |
saxagliptin (Onglyza) | helps increases insulin release |
pramlintide (Symlin) | delays gastric emptying, which slows down glucose. Given SC. |
Drugs used to treat hypoglycemia | glucagon, diazoxide |
NPH | Classification insulin Action - intermediate Uses - to lower blood sugar Side effects hypoglycemia, confusion, shakes,anxiety, palpitations, sweating, LOC Nursing implications |
Regular | Classification insulin Action - short Uses - to lower blood sugar Side effects hypoglycemia, confusion, shakes,anxiety, palpitations, sweating, LOC |
Aspart | Classification insulin Action - rapid Uses - to lower blood sugar Side effects hypoglycemia, confusion, shakes,anxiety, palpitations, sweating, LOC |
Levothyroxine (Synthroid) | Classification - thyroid hormone Uses - hypothyroidism - replacement thyroid treatment Side effects - hyperthyroidism, tachycardia, incr appetite, Nursing implications - drink w full glass water 3-4h prior to other meds, access cardiac, no dairy |
Somatrophin | Classification - growth hormone Action - agonist to stimulate growth Uses - dwarfism Side effects - hypothyroidism, d.m. Nursing implications - thyroid function, glucose, test for GH antibodies |
Potassium iodine | Classification - antithyroid Action - stops thyroxin production Uses - hyperthyroidism Side effects - stains teeth Nursing implications - use straw |
Cortisone, fludrocortisone | Classif corticosteroids Action - dec inflam Uses - inflam Side effects - thin skin, muscle atrophy, peptic ulcer dz, growth retard in children, supp immune system, hi FSBS NI - do not stop abruptly, take in AM, FSBS assess inflam, lytes (lo K, hi Na) |
KCl K-Dur | Classification - mineral Action - incr K Uses - K replacement Side effects - bradycardia, oliguria, twitching, tingling Nursing implications - monitor rhythm, UOP |
CaCO3-(Tums). Calcium citrate (Citracal). | Classification - Antacid Uses - GERD, hypocalcemia Action - neutralize gastric acid Side effects - hypercalcemia, constipation, kidney stones Nursing implications |
Mg(OH)2 - MOM | Classification - antacid Action - neutralize stomach acid Uses - GERD, hypomagnesemia Side effects - hypermagnesemia, diarrhea Nursing implications - caution with renal insuff |
torsemide-(Demadex) furosemide-(Lasix) bumetanide- (Bumex) | Classification - loop diuretic Act - Uses - diuretic, htn,chf, edema, liver failure Side effects - HYPOKALEMIA. hypotension, lyte imbalance, n/v/d, vertigo, HA, weakness, cramps, photosensitivity, polyuria Nursing implications - ck lytes, monitor UOP |
acetazolemide (Diamox) | Classification - carbonic anhydrase inhibitor Action- decr carbonic acid production Uses - incr ICP, potent for glaucoma Side effects - lytes, FSBS, fever, anorexia, pruritis Nursing implications - monitor FSBS, lytes |
aldactone (Spironolactone) | Classification- K sparing drug Uses - diuretic Side effects - hyperkalemia, n/v/d, vertigo, HA, weakness, cramps Nursing implications - monitor lytes |
Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda). Ammonium chloride (precurser to NaHCO3) | Classification - Uses - kidney disease, acidosis correction, antacid, urinary alkalinizer Side effects - alkalosis, CHF, Hi Na, Seizures Nursing implications |
Mannitol (Osmitrol) | Classification - osmotic diuretic Uses - increased ICP, Side effects - lytes Nursing implications |
Chlorothiazide | Classification - thiazide diuretic Uses - htn Side effects -hyponatremia, hypokalemia (less common), rash, photophobia, pancreatitis, dizziness, impotence, HA Nursing implications - monitor lytes |
Diltiazem (Cardizem) | Classification- CCB Uses - htn, dysrythmias Side effects - hypotension Nursing implications -monitor vitals |
Carvedilol (Coreg) | Classification - B Blocker Uses - htn Side effects - bradycardia, hypotension, liver problem Nursing implications - monitor vitals, [liver function tests (LFT's) carvedilol] propranolol is nonslective B blocker |
Hydralazine | Classification - direct acting vasodilators Uses - htn Side effects- hypotension Nursing implications |
Ramipril (Altace) Enalapril (Vasotec) | Classification - ACEI Uses-htn Side effects - hypotension, hyperkalemia, cough, angioedema Nursing implications - monitor lytes (K) |
Milrinone (Primacor) | Classification - PDE inhibitor Uses - short term incr cardiac contractility Side effects - hypertension Nursing implications - need 2nd RN, need cardiac monitor |
Amiodarone (Cordarone) | Classification - antidysrythmic (K-channel blocker) Uses - dysrythmias Side effects - bradycardia, blocks myocardial excitability Nursing implications - long (100 day) halflife |
Adenosine (Adenocard) | Classification - antidysrthmic Uses - SVT Side effects - doomsday feeling Nursing implications - must inject REALLY STAT |
Digoxin (Lanoxin) | Classification - Cardiac glycoside Actions- slow down heart, strenth contractions Uses - CHF, irreg HR Side effects - dysrhythmias Nursing impl -monitor K, monitor apical HR for 1 full minute, 0.5-2=therapeutic level ANTIDOTE - digoxin immune FAB |
Verapamil (Calan) | Like diltiazem, but with less heart affects |
Colvesevelam (Welchol) | Classification bile salt sequestering agent Action - bind bile salts which lowers cholesterol Uses - hypercholesterolemia Side effects- constipation Nursing implications - separate from other drugs by a few minutes |
Ezetimibe (Zetia) | Classification - cholesterol absorption inhibitor Action - inhibits chol from being absorbed Uses - hypercholesterolemia (adjunct) Side effects - Nursing implications |
Fenofibrate (Tricor) Gemfibrozil (Lopid) | Classification fibric acid agent (name: -FIB-) Action: decr triglyceride production by liver Uses - hypertriglyceridemia Side effects - incr risks of gallstones, similar SE of statins Nursing implications- |
Aspirin Pentoxifylline (Trental) Clopidogrel (Plavix) | Classification - antiplatelet Action - inhibits platelet function Uses - used following MI, CVA, PVD events Side effects - bleeding, PUD, Nursing implications - must hold prior to surgery, procedures. take only 1 antiplatelet. |
Heparin lab Warfarin lab | PTT partial thromboplastin time PT/INR prothrombin time/INR (related to PT) |
Niacin (Niac) | Classification - lipid lowering agent Uses - decr lipds Side effects - flushing Nursing implications- go up on dose slowly |
Pentoxifylline (Trental) | Classification - antiplatelet Uses - after MI, CVA, or PVD event Side effects - bleeding Nursing implications - do not take with other antiplatelets |
These compounds are lipids | triglycerides cholesterol fats |
Used to treat hypertriglyceridemia | -fib- drugs. niacin |
Use to treat hypercholesterolemia | statins bile sequestering agents cholesterol absorption inhibitors (Zetia) |
Direct acting vasodilators | "Nitrates" this includes nitroglycerin and isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) used for angina (chest pain). Nitroprusside - used for hypertensive crisis. Not first line drugs. |
Nitroglycerin nursing implications | Use under tongue q5min x 3. Aborbed thru mucosa for immed relief Causes DROP IN BP and headache. Place under tongue, should sting, if not, may be too old. 6 mo shelf life. Stored in brown bottle. Avail as sublingual tabs, spray and IV. |
Isosorbide mononitrate (Imdur) | Class: nitrate. This is basically a long acting form of nitroglycerin used for chest pain. Available as tablets. |
Dysrythmics | Class I: Na channel blockers - lidocaine, procainamide, quinidine. B blockers. Ca channel blockers - specifically diltiazem and verapamil. K channel blockers - amiodarone (Pacerone). |
statin | simvastatin pravastatin atorvastatin - HMG CoA reductase inhibitors - lower cholesterol |
Drug name contains -fib- | Fibric acid derivatives. gemfibrozil, fenofibrate - lower triglycerides |
col or chol in name | Bile salt binders cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam. Bind cholesterol in GI tract inhibiting reabsorption, thereby lowering cholesterol |
Nursing implications for lipid lowering drugs | monitor lipid labs (cholesterol, triglycerides). monitor LFT's liver function tests. Dietary teaching. preg test if on statins |
Uses for anticlotting drugs | To prevent formation of clots, or to prevent existing clots from enlarging. MI, CVA, DVT (deep vein thrombosis), afib (atrial fibrillation) |
-dipine | amlodipine, nefedipine calcium channel blocker |
-lamide | acetazolamide carbonic anhydrase inhibitor |
-olol | B-blocker B-adrenergic blocker sympatholytic sympathomimetic antagonist metoprolol, propanolol, atenolol, timolol, pindolol |
-parin; parin | anticoagulant heparin, enoxaparin, fondaparinox, these are (LMWH_ low molecular weight heparins |
-pril | ACE inhibitor Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor lisinopril, enalopril, captopril, ramipril |
-sartan | ARB Angiotensin II receptor blocker losartan, irbesartan, valsartan, candesartan, olmesartan |
-semide | Loop diuretic furosemide, torsemide |
-statin | HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor "statins" Cholesterol lowering drugs Antilipid drug atrovastatin, lovastatin, pravastatin, simvastatin |
-terol | Beta-2 agonist Beta-2 adrenergic agonist Bronchodilaters Sympathomimetic albuterol, levalbuterol, salmeterol, formoterol |
-thiazide | Thiazide diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), chlorothiazide |
-zosin | alpha1 blocker alpha1 adrenergic blocker sympatholytic Sympathetic antagonist doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin |
Renin-Angiotensin-Alosterone | []=enzyme that catalyzes conver of Angiotensinogen [renin] angiotensin I, Angiotensin I, [ACE]angiotensin II, Angiotensin II incre aldost & also incr smth muscle tone (vasc tone)ACE inhibitors, ARB - blk angiotensin rec site, K-spar diuretics blk aldost |
Loop diuretics | -semide furosemide = prototype Acts on ascending Loop of Henle. Hypokalemia = noted side effect |
Thiazide diuretics | -thiazide hydrochlorothiazide = prototype Acts in early distal convoluted tubule. May cause hyponatremia |
Osmotic diuretics | mannitol acetazolemide Acts in proximal convoluted tubule. May cause electrolyte disturbances |
Potassium sparing diuretics | spironolactone aldactone triamterene Acts in late distal convoluted tubule. -one drugs antagonize aldosterone. May cause hyperkalemia. Wastes sodium. |
ACE inhibitor mode of action | blocks conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II |
B-blocker | Blocks B1 (and may also block other beta receptors such as B2, causing side effects) May cause asthma flare May cause hypoglycemia |
Alpha blocker (alpha1 blocker) | Blocks alpha 1 sites -zosin We aren't gonna study any other alpha blockers |
Alpha 2 agonist | clonidine The alpha2 agonists are different. They serve as sympatholytic agents (decreases sympathetic tone - the opposite of sympathomimetic) nursing implications: abrupt discontinuation of clonidine may cause rebound hypertension |
Calcium channel blockers affect on heart rate | diltiazem - max control HR verapamil - mod control HR nifedipine - no control HR |
warfarin | anticoagulant must follow PT or INR levels Vitamin K is antidote |
Heparin | anticoagulant must follow PTT levels protamine is antidote |
enoxaparin, fondaparinox | anticoagulant affect factor Xa. protamine is partial antidote |
Anticholinergic side effects | Blind as a bad (mydriasis) Red as a beet (flushed skin) Mad as a hatter (altered mentation) Hot as hades (increased temp) Dry as a bone (increased temp) and the heart runs alone (tachycardic) |
Anticholinergic | atropine - prototype scopolamine ipratropium |
anticholinergic mode of action | bind with acetylcholine receptors preventing acetylcholine from binding "parasympatholytics" |
anticholinergic mode of action | binds to acetylcholine receptors |
myasthenia gravis | autoimmunie disease Body produces antibiodies that bind to acetylcholine receptors (acts like anticholinergic) Treat with cholinergics |
phentolamine | alpha antagonist tamsulosin alpha1 blocker used for BPH benign prostatic hypertrophy |
sympatholytic | adrenergic blocker |
selective B blockers | atenolol, betaxolol, metoprolol Blocks B1 predominantly, not as much B2 can lead to decrease libido and impotence |
Created by:
mojoshare
Popular Pharmacology sets