Ch. 4 Bontrager Word Scramble
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| Term | Definition |
| KUB | What is the most common film of the abdomen? |
| Kidneys, Ureters, Bladder | What does KUB stand for? |
| Diaphragm | an umbrella shaped muscle that separates the abdominal cavity from the thoracic cavity |
| Psoas Major | muscles that are located on either side of the lumbar vertebral column |
| Oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, sm. intestine, lg. intestine | What are the 6 different organs of the digestive system? |
| KUB | Xray commonly taken to rule out pathology before abdominal exams are performed with the use of contrast media. |
| liver, gallbladder, pancreas | What are the accessory organs of the digestive system? |
| in the mediastinum of the thoracic cavity | Where is the esophagus located? |
| stomach, small and large intestines | What are the 3 digestive organs within the abdominal cavity? |
| Stomach | 1st organ of the digestive system located in the abdominal cavity, and expandable reservoir for swallowed food and fluids. |
| Small Intestine | continues from the stomach as a long tubelike convoluted structure - 15-18 feet long |
| Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum | What are the 3 parts of the small intestine |
| Duodenum | the first portion of the small intestine - shortest bur widest in diameter - 10 inches - C shaped, proximal portion is called a bulb |
| Jejunum | remainder of the small bowel in the lower abdomen - first 2/5 following the duodenum |
| Ileum | distal 3/5 of the small bowel following the jejunum |
| Ileocecal valve | orifice between the distal ileum and the cecum portion of the large intestine |
| Large intestine | begins in the RLQ at the junction with the small intestine at the ileocecal valve |
| Cecum | saclike area of the large intestine below the ileocecal valve |
| Appendix or vermiform appendix | attached to the posteromedial aspect of the cecum |
| Ascending colon | vertical portion of the large bowel above the cecum |
| Transverse colon | part of large bowel that goes from left to right side of abdomen |
| right colic flexure (hepatic) | joins the ascending colon to the transverse colon (corner piece) |
| left splenic flexure (splenic) | joins the transverse colon to the descending colon (corner piece) |
| Sigmoind colon | the s-shaped part of the descending colon in the lower left abdomen |
| Rectum | the final 6 inches of the large intestine |
| Anus | sphincter muscle at the terminal opening of the large intestine |
| Spleen | part of the lymphatic system that along with the heart and blood vessels is part of the circulatory system. |
| Pancreas | part of the exocrine and endocrine system - regulates insulin and produces digestive juices |
| Liver | larges solid organ of the body - produces bile |
| Gallbladder | store and concentrate bile |
| 2 kidneys, 2 ureters, 1 urinary bladder, 1 urethra | Urinary System consists of the following: |
| urinary bladder | stores urine, voluntary passes urine to the exterior via the urethra |
| Suprarenal(adrenal) glands | part of the endocrine system located at the superomedial portion of each kidney |
| Kidneys | waste materials and excess water are eliminated from the blood by these organs |
| IVU(Intravenous Urogram) | RAD exam of the urinary system where contrast medium is injected intravenously - the hollow organs of the this system are visualized |
| Peritoneum | large, serous, double-walled, saclike membrane that covers the abdominal structures and organs |
| Parietal Peritoneum | two-layered peritoneum that adheres to the cavity wall |
| Visceral Peritoneum | the portion of the peritoneum that covers the organs themselves |
| Peritoneal Cavity | the space or cavity between the parietal or visceral portions of the peritoneum |
| Ascites | an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneum cavity |
| Mesentery | Double fold of peritoneum that extends anteriorly from the posterior abdominal wall to completely envelop a loop of small bowel. |
| Omentum | A specific type of double fold peritoneum that extends from the stomach to another organ |
| Lesser Omentum | omentum that extends superiorly from the lesser curvature of the stomach to portions of the liver. |
| Greater omentum | connects the transverse colon to the greater curvature of the stomach inferorly - drapes down over the small bowel then folds back on itself to form and apron along the anterior abdominal wall. |
| Mesocolon | the peritoneum that attaches the colon to the posterior abdominal wall |
| Greater Sac or Peritoneal cavity | the major portion of the peritoneal cavity |
| Lesser Sac or Omentum bursa | the smaller portion of the upper posterior peritoneal cavity located posterior to the stomach |
| Retroperitoneal organs (retro means behind) | structures closely attached to the posterior abdominal wall - less mobile |
| Kidneys, Ureters, Adrenal Glands, Pancreas, Duodenum, Ascending and Descending colon, upper rectum, major abdominal blood vessels(aorta and inferior vena cava) | List the Retroperitoneal organs |
| Infraperitoneal Organs (retro means under or beneath) | organs located under or beneath the peritoneum in the true pelvis are called: |
| Lower rectum,urinary bladder, reproductive organs,male-closed sac, female - open sac - uterus, tubes, ovaries | List the Infraperitoneal(Pelvic) Organs |
| Intraperiotoneal organs (intra means within) | organs within the abdominal cavity that are partially or completely covered by some type of visceral peritoneum but are not retro or infra |
| Liver, Gallbladder, spleen, stomach, jejunum,ileum, cecum, transverse colon,sigmoid colon | List the Intraperiotoneal Organs |
| RUQ, LUQ,RLQ,LLQ | List the 4 Abdominal Quadrants |
| Liver,Gallbladder, R Colic(hepatic)flexure, Duodenum, head of Pancreas, R Kidney, R suprarenal (adrenal)gland | Name the organs in the RUQ |
| Spleen, Stomach, L Colic(splenic)flexure, Tail of pancreas, L Kidney, L suprarenal (adrenal)gland | Name the organs in the LUQ |
| Ascending colon, Appendix(vermiform), cecum, 2/3 ileum, ileocecal valve | Name the organs in the RLQ |
| Descending colon, sigmoid colon, 2/3 of jejunum | Name the organs in the LLQ |
| R & L Hypochondriac, Epigastric, R & L Lateral (lumbar), Umbilical, R & L Inguinal (Iliac),Pubic(Hypogastric) | Name the 9 abdominal regions |
| Liver, gall bladder, small intestine, ascending colon, transverse colon, right kidney | Name the organs in the Right Hypochondriac region: |
| Esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, small intestine, transvers colon, right and left adrenal glands, pancreas, right and left kidneys, right and left ureters, spleen | Name the organs in the Epigastric region: |
| Stomach, tip of liver, tail of pancreas, small intestines, transverse colon, descending colon, pancreas, left kidney, spleen | Name the organs in the Left Hypochondriac region: |
| Tip of liver, gall bladder, small intestine, ascending colon, right kidney | Name the organs in the Right Lumbar region: |
| Stomach, pancreas, small intestine, transverse colon, pancreas, right and left kidneys, right and left ureters | Name the organs in the Umbilical region: |
| Small intestine, descending colon, tip of left kidney | Name the organs in the Left Lumbar region: |
| Small intestine, appendix, cecum and ascending colon; F- right ovary, right fallopian tube | Name the organs in the Right Iliac region: |
| Small intestine, sigmoid colon, rectum, right and left ureters, urinary bladder; F- uterus, right and left ovaries, right and left Fallopian tubes; M- vas deferens, seminal vessicle, prostate | Name the organs in the Hypogastric region: |
| Small intestine, descending colon, sigmoid colon; F- left ovary, left Fallopian tube | Name the organs in the Left Iliac region: |
| Xiphoid Process (T9-T10), Inferior costal rib margin (L2-L3), Iliac crest (L4-L5), Anterior Superior iliac spine (ASIS), Greater Trochanter, Symphysis pubis, Ischial tuberosity | Name the 7 landmarks of the Abdomen |
| Iliac crest (L4-L5) | What is the most commonly used abdominal landmark? |
| Iliac crest (L4-L5), Anterior Superior iliac spine (ASIS), Greater Trochanter | What are the 3 most commonly used abdominal landmarks? |
| take a deep breath in and blow it out - hold it don't breathe | What are breathing instructions for Abdominal radiographs? |
| expiration | Are abdominal radiographs exposed on inspiration or expiration? |
| 1)meduim kV(70-80) 2)short exposure time 3)Adequte mAs for sufficient density | What are the exposure factors for abdominal radiographs? |
| supine and horizontal beam project to show air-fluid levels | What are the typical acute abdomen series for pediatrics? |
| before a contrast medium is introduced for evaluation and diagnosis of disease and conditions in these systems | Why/When is a KUB usually taken? |
| to evaluate/diagnose bowel obstruction or peforation | Why/When is an Acute Abdomen Series usually taken? |
| Pneumoperitoneum | free air or gas in the peritoneal cavity |
| Fibrous Adhesion | a fibrous band of tissue in the intestine creating a blockage |
| Crohn's disease | chronic inflammation of the intestional wall that results in bowel obstruction |
| Intussusception | telescoping of a section of the bowel into another loop, causing an obstruction |
| Volvulus | twisting of a loop of intestine, causing an obstruction |
| Ulcerative colitis | chronic disease involving inflammation of the colon |
| Ap Supine abdomen, AP erect abdomen, and PA chest | What are the 3 positions in an Acute Abdomen Series? |
| to demonstrate free intraperitoneal air trapped under the diaphragm | Why is PA chest included in an Acute Abdomen Series? |
| to make sure the intestines are cleaned out before a "swallow" study | What is a SCOUT AP Supine position used for? |
| A bladder shot using a 10x12 crosswise | If you clip the pubic symphysis/bladder what projection should you take? |
| to level of iliac crests with bottom margin at symphysis pubis | where should the cassette be placed for AP supine abdomen? |
| check to see that both iliac winds and ishial spines and obturaror foramina are symmetric | How do you check for rotation in an AP abdomen? |
| elongation of the iliac wing indicates rotation in that direction | What shows the direction of rotation in an AP abdomen? |
| perpendicular and centered to IR to level of iliac crest | Where should the CR be directed in an AP, PA abdomen? |
| 40 inches | What is SID in an AP, PA abdomen? |
| center cassette to level of iliac crest, with bottom margins at symphysis pubis - no rotation of pelvis or shoulders | What is part position in an AP, PA abdomen? |
| exposure at end of expiration | What are breathing instructions on abdominal radiographs? |
| tall hyposthenic or asthenic lengthwise OR broad bypersthenic crosswise | What body habitus may need 2 images to demonstrate entire abdomen? |
| AP and PA supine/prone abdomen | Which 2 abdominal xrays need the arch of the symphsis pubis included to be correct? |
| AP b/c of the OID (increased object image receptor distance) | Which positon is best if looking at kidneys? AP or PA abdomen? |
| minimum of 5 minutes, but 10-20 is preferred...need enuf time for air to rise and fluid to accumulate | How long should a patient be on their side before doing the Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| center of IR and CR are approximately 2 inches ABOVE level of iliac crests (to include diaphragm) using horizontal beam | What is Position for CR and IR for Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| bilateral diaphragm | What is the part of interest in Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| at end of expiration | When do you make exposure in Lateral Decub AP abdomen? |
| center of IR and CR are approximately 2 inches ABOVE level of iliac crests (to include diaphragm)- for average patient the top of the IR will be at level of the axilla(armpit) | What is "Part Position" for AP Erect Abdomen xray? |
| erect images first if the patient comes to the department in and erect position | What image do you take first in an Acute Abdomen series? |
| Ileus,Ascites, Perforated hollow ciscus, intraabdominal mass,Post-Op abdominal surgery | What pathology are we looking for in an Acute Abdomen series? |
| with an erect arrow in addition to your R or L marker | How should and erect abdomen xray be marked? |
| Marker that matches the side closest to the IR | What marker should be used in a Dorsal Decub - R or L lateral? |
| 40 - 48 inches | What is SID in PA or AP abdomen? |
| 40-48 inches | What is SID in Decub abdomen? |
| Low - usually in Right lower area | Where do you place marker in UP upright that includes diaphragm? |
| All Decub, Lateral , AP upright | Which abdomen xray need diaphram included? |
| AP supine, PA prone | Which abdomen xray need symphysis included? |
| it blocks pertinent anatomy | Why can't you shield female reproductive organs in abdomen xrays? |
| they are outside of the body cavity | Why can you shield male reproductive organs in abdomen xrays? |
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