Nur210 Clotting Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
What are triggers for clot formation? | Intravascular - ASHD = arteriosclerotic heart disease Extravascular - trauma |
What is hemostasis? | The body's ability to clot Have to have platelets to clot Have to be able to make fibrin If you cut an artery, vessels will constrict to cut-off blood loss |
What is Virchow's triad? | Venous stasis - bad circulation Hypercoaguability - thick blood (diabetes) Endothelial damage - hurt the vessel |
What are the factors linked to increased risk of thromboembolic events? | Thrombus - clot; Embolic = move Decreased circulation Decreased mobility Disease or disability Obesity Obstruction of venous flow; fat build-up Medications |
What is an anticoagulant? | Prevent clots in the first place Heparin is the drug of choice Rapid acting Does not dissolve a clot, but prevents one from forming |
What is an antiplatelet? | Make platelets less sticky (i.e. ASA) |
What are thrombolytics? | Chomp the clots and break them down (i.e. pac man) Only drugs that break down existing clots i.e. tPA, streptokinase, urokinase |
Indications for heparin use | DVT PE MI Pregnancy CVA |
What are mechanisms of action of heparin? | Can only be given parenterally; SubQ or IV Not absorbed in GI tract Very acid solution Large molecule Rapid acting Dosed in units |
What are some injectable anticoagulants? | Heparin Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) |
What are some oral anticoagulants? | Coumadin and pradaxa |
What is an antiplatelet drug? | ASA |
What are some thrombolytics? | tPA, Streptokinase, Urokinase |
What are the pharmokinetics of heparin? | Rapid acting Metabolized by liver Eliminated via kidney Short half-life Highly protein bound - will sit in fat and sometimes cross BBB |
What are the ADRs of heparin? | Hemorrhage - has systemic-wide impact (gums can bleed, blood in urine, blood at IV site) Osteoporosis HIT - Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia - lose all platelets = allergic reaction |
What are nursing indications with heparin? | Need to look for signs of bleeding Respiratory rate up, BP down, HR up, extremities feel cool or look mottled Changes in LOC, agitation IV - do not mix with other meds SubQ - rotate sites, don't massage |
What are nursing implications of heparin? | Monitor aPTT should be 60 to 80 seconds (1.5 to 2X normal of 40 seconds) Monitor for bleeding Protamine sulfate is antidote |
What are characteristics of LMWH? | 100% bioavailability SubQ Fragments of unfractionated heparin |
What are the mechanisms of action of LMWH? | Half-life 6X longer than heparin Minimal protein binding Renal clearance |
What are some nursing implications with LMWH? | Obtain baseline aPTT, PT, CBC, creatnine Administered SubQ every 12-24 hours Antidote = protamine sulfate |
What are some characteristics of Warfarin? | Coumadin Oral anticoagulant Inhibits liver synthesis of vitamin K Absorbed rapidly in upper GI tract |
What are the actions of Warfarin? | Long half-life (42 hours) Highly protein bound Works on what's coming - does not work on what's currently circulating Prevents thrombosis formation - doesn't treat anything |
What are ADRs of Warfarin? | Multiple drug interactions Hemorrage - major - bleeding in brain possible Cannot use on pregnant women - crosses placental barrier |
What are nursing implications for warfarin? | Monitor for bleeding - PT level is 1.2 to 1.5X control OR INR level should be 2-3 Patient teaching so they can go home Antagonist vitamin K - higher vitamin K will decrease effectiveness of coumadin |
What is vitamin K's impact when using coumadin? | Decreases effectiveness of coumadin. High vitamin K = broccoli, cucumber, brussel sprouts Mod vitamin K = green beans, raw cabbage Low vitamin K = apples |
Pradaxa/Xarelto advantage? | Need regular blood work on coumadin, not on these, though Stroke could be your first sign of issues, though |
What are some antiplatelet drugs? | ASA |
Properties of ASA | Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis Dose = 81 to 325 mg/day Adverse effects - upset stomach, will interact with other anticoagulants and increase blood thinning effects |
Properties of thrombolytic drugs | tPA, streptokinase, urokinase Get rid of existing clots Causes low BP, bleeding, cardiac arrythmias Used for MI, DVT, PE (massive) |
Created by:
ssbourbon
Popular Pharmacology sets