CHEMFINALGT11/12 Word Scramble
|
Embed Code - If you would like this activity on your web page, copy the script below and paste it into your web page.
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Normal Size Small Size show me how
Question | Answer |
Solution | homogeneous mixture of 2+ substances in a single physical state |
solute | The substance that is dissolved in a solution |
solvent | It is the substance in which the solute is dissolved. |
Miscible | soluble, able to be mixed to form a solution |
Immiscible | the property where two substances are not capable of combining to form a homogeneous mixture |
Solubility | the ability of one substance to dissolve in another |
Insoluble | incapable of dissolving in a solvent |
Solvation | |
Unsaturated | When referring to solutions, being able to dissolve more solute. When referring to organic compounds, containing double or triple carbon-carbon bonds |
Saturated | A substance in which the atoms are linked by single bonds |
Supersaturated | the condition in which a liquid has been cooled to a temperature below that at which crystallization normally would occur, without the solid resulting |
Factors affecting solubility | nature of solute and solvent, temperature, pressure |
factors affecting rate of solvation | surface area, stirring, temperature |
concentration | measure of how much solute is dissolved in a specific amount of solvent or solution |
% by mass= | mass of solute/ mass of solution x100 |
%by volume= | volume component/total moles solution x100 |
molarity | moles of solute/liters of solution |
mole fraction= | moles of component/ total moles solution |
molality | moles of solute/ kg of solvent |
dilution | M1V1=M2V2 (M is molarity here) |
Colligative properties | depends on concentration of particles in a solution, not upon identity of those particles |
Freezing Point depression | the phenomenon that occurs when the freezing point of a liquid (a solvent) is lowered by adding another compound to it, such that the solution has a lower freezing point than the pure solvent |
Boiling Point elevation | |
Vapor Pressure reduction | |
Increased Osmotic Pressure | |
Colloids | |
Suspension | |
Chemical Kinetics | -the area concerned with speed at which reactoins occur -reaction rate is the change in concentration of reactants and rpoducts in a certain amount of time |
Collision theory | reaction rate depends on the collision between reacting particles |
Successful collision occur when particles | -collide with each other -have correct orientation -have enough kinetic energy to break bonds |
activation energy | energy required for a reaction ot occur; depends on reactants |
low Ea= ____ reaction rate | fast |
Energy diagram | shows the energy changes that occur throughout a chemical reaction; describes the reaction pathway (mechanism), need to know how to label: reactant energy level, product energy level, activation energy, net energy change |
5 factors that affet rate of reaction | -nature of reactants -temperature -concentration -surface area -catalysts |
reversible reactions | A+B-> C+D (forward C+D-> A+B (reverse) |
Equilibrium | rates are = while concentrations are not rates determined by concentrations and activation energy |
Homogenous equilibria | all reactions and products are in the same state |
heterogeneous equilibria | equilibrium conditions for reactants thatinvolve substances in more than 1 state |
Calculating equilibrium constant | 1. Balance equation 2. Write equilibrium expression 3. Substitute the equilibrium concentrations 4. Do the math K>1 favors right, K<1 favors left, K= 1 equal |
LeChatelier's Principle | -if a stress is applied to a system at equilibriu, the equilibrium will shift to reduce stress |
3 types of stress | -change in concentration -change in pressure: changes volume, system moves depending on moles of gas -change in temp: treat heat as a reactant/product, chagne sin temp like changing conc of heat |
Reaction Quotient (Q) | the proportion of products/reactants at a specific point in time |
Naming of Acids and Bases | -Bases: namedlike ionic compounds -Acids names depend on ion endings |
ate= | -ic acid |
ite= | -ous acid |
ide | hydro -ic acid |
titration | analytical method in which a standard solution is used to determine the concentration of unknown solution, based on a neutralization reaction |
MVn=MVn (Molarity, Volume and Number of H+ (acids) or OH- (bases) | |
Monoprotic | acids that contain one ionizable hydrogen |
diprotic | acids that contain two ionizable hydrogens |
triprotic | acids contain three ionizable hydrogens |
amphoteric substances | can act as either acid or base depending on what they are mixed with |
Arrhenius | H+ producer OH- producer |
Bronsted-Lowry | H+ donor H+ acceptor |
Lewis | electron pair acceptor, electron pair donor |
When an acid loses an H+ it becomes a conjugate ____ | base |
When it gains an H+ it becomes a conjugate ____ | acid |
pH= | log(H3O+) |
pOH= | log(OH-) |
pH+ pOH= | 14 |
hydrocarbons | organic compounds made of only carbon and hydrogen - 3 categories: alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes -know how to name alkanes, alkenes, and alkynes |
Created by:
AlanaR
Popular Chemistry sets