Introductory Stats Word Scramble
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Term | Definition |
Parameter | Measure of the whole population describing a characteristic |
Statistic | Measure of a sample describing some characteristic (not the whole population) |
Quantitative data | Data expressed by numbers |
Categorical data | Data that consists of names or labels that are not expressed in numbers |
Discrete data | Values are finite or countable |
Continuous data | Infinitely many possible values |
Nominal level of measurement | characterized by data that consists of names or labels; not ranked |
Ordinal level of measurement | data can be ordered but differences do not make sense |
Interval level of measurement | Difference between data is quantitative but there is no natural starting point |
Ratio level of measurement | data can be ordered, differences make sense, and there is a natural starting point |
Voluntary response sample | Respondents decide themselves whether to be included |
Problems with voluntary response sample | Strong opinions pervade, and inherent bias exist |
Correlation | When two events are somehow connected |
Causation | When one event causes another event |
Reporter bias | when respondents aim to please the researcher |
Small samples | not always indicative of the whole population, even if properly collective |
Loaded question | When strong wording skews responses |
Order of questions | structure of sentence can contributes to responses |
Non-response | when a person either refuses to respond to a survey question or is unavailable |
Missing data | Data values are missing for many factors |
Self-interest study | Researcher desires a certain conclusion and skews study methods in favor of that conclusion |
Observational study | measure specific characteristics but don't attempt to modify the subjects |
Experimental study | Apply a treatment and proceed to observe its effects |
Simple random sample | sample of size n is a selection of n subjects is chosen in such a way so that every group of n subjects has an equal chance of being chosen |
Random sample | members of the population chosen in such a way that every individual is equally likely to be chosen |
Probability sample | select members from the population in such a way that each member is chosen with a pre-selected probability |
Systematic sampling | select some starting point and select every kth person |
Convenience sampling | sampling from a group convenient to the researcher |
Created by:
AlyRuth
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