oceanography Final Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
a hypothesis consistently supported by observation and experiments is a ___	theory
estero bay is a goos example of what kind of estuary ___	bar-built
in ecology, the position of an organism occupies in a food chain is called ___	trophic level
what estuary is not a common low latitude zone?	fjord estuary
in ecology, an organisms physical location or address is called ___	habitat
which mangroves are found in the most seaward shore?	red mangroves
____ are the gas-exchange organs of the black mangroves	pneumatophores
the underside of this mangrove leaf is silver and the shape is slender	black mangrove
which seagrass is found in the deepest zone of estero bay	manatee grass
seahorses are usually found in ___	seagrass beds
skilletfish are usually seen in ___	oyster reefs
the crown conch, is a predator of ___	oysters
the ospreys diet consists almost only of ___	fish
this organism does not have a planktonic stage __	amphipods
the major ecological rolls of oyster beds are?	provide habitats, filter water, serve as food
what kinds of manatees live in the florida coasts ?	west indian manatee
is the number of manatees in florida increasing or decreasing?	decreasing
the total biomass and number decreases with increasing trophic level is a explanation about what	food web
in ecology, population is a group of organisms of ___ species in a given area	the same
what environmental factor does not affect marine life on rocky shores	pressure
too much or too little of a single abiotic factor can negatively affect the function and distribution of an organism is called __	limiting factor
a tooth replacement system that is seen in sharks is an example of ___	convergent evolution
what is the highest rank in taxonomy	kingdom
a feature of an erosional coast is ___	sea stack
in bar built estuaries, the islands are separated from the mainland by shallow bodies of water called ___	lagoons
sea cliffs, sea caves, blowholes, and arches are related to ___	erosion by waves
a problem facing many beaches in the US east and west coast is __	loss of sand and the erosion of beaches
organisms such as diatoms of copepods that spend their entire life cycle in plankton are ___	holoplankton
the rocky shores of main are called ___	erosional coasts
the origin of manatees are likely from ___	central america
the dugong is a ___ in the food web	primary consumer
chesapeake bay is a good example of ___	drowned river estuary
the tea-colored water of estero bay is caused by ___	tannic acid
estero bay estuary formed approximately ___ years ago	5000
how many centimeters are in one kilometer	100,000
in estero bay the salinity is generally low in ___	rainy season
twenty miles is approximately ___ kilometers	32
the most commonly occurring experimental value is ___	mode
Rogue waves are best described as____	Freak waves that occur due to interference and result in a wave crest higher than the theoretical maximum
A wave will break when the height has increased to greater than____of the wavelength	1/7
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning Bay of Fundy:	True amphidromic systems do not develop because of the shape of the bay
Tropical latitudes gain more heat than they lose. High altitudes lose more heat to space than they gain. Only at ___ degrees N and S latitudes, the amount of sun energy received and lost is balanced.	38
Tropical cyclones in the Northern Hemisphere spin:	Counterclockwise
What factors affect wind wave development	All the above (wind speed, wind duration, and fetch)
There are ___ main wind bands in each hemisphere of the Earth	3
Extratropical cyclones typically form	at high latitudes, at the junction between polar cells and the Ferrel cells.
Wave _____ is propagation of a wave around an obstacle	Diffraction
_____ become gravity waves(wind waves)as their wavelength exceeds 1.74 cm	Capillary waves
Which of the following statements is FALSE concerning tropical cyclones?	a tropical cyclone is a strom system characterized by a large high-pressure center and numerous thunderstorms that produce strong winds (must have more than 40 mph) and heavy rain
The first waves to form on the ocean surface when the wind starts to blow are	capillary waves
The tidal pattern characteristic of Fort Myers is	mixed tides
We can find palm trees in Southwest England because	Gulf Stream and North Atlantic current carry the heat to SW England
The major winds in Hadley cells are called	Trade winds
When air masses meet or come together	one air mass may ride up and over the other and form a front
Where is the windiest and waviest ocean?	The Southern Ocean (West wind drift surrounding Antarctica)
If the first part of a tsunami to reach land is a trough called a ____ the water along the shoreline recedes dramatically, exposing normally submerged areas:	Drawback
The greatest expanse of bach is exposed at low tide (i.e. lowest low) during which of the following tides	Spring tides
Hurricanes are not formed on the Equator because the ___is not enough there	Coriolis Force
Water particles in waves move	In circular orbits
In the open sea (offshore) a tsunami can reach an average wave height of about	1 meter
____Occurs when waves 'bounce back' from an obstacle they encounter	Wave Reflection
About what general latitude is Fort Myers	26 degrees north
Major winds in Ferrel cells are called	Westerlies
true or false; accuracy means how close the measured values are to each other	false
true or false; estuaries are quite important because they maintain great biodiversity	true
true or false; manatees teeth are renwed by a new tooth when the old one wears out	true
true or false; dolphins can use sonal to find fish hiding in the sand	true
T or F; overwashed mangrove forests form a zonation with mangroves and other terrestrial plants	false
T or F; longshore current is an ocean current that flows perpendicular to the shore	false
Tsunami generated by the vertical movement of Earth along faults are seismic waves. What cannot generate a tsunami?	Hurricanes
Wind blows from?	High pressure systems to Low pressure systems
What is not necessary for tropical cyclone formation	High tide
zonation of cora reefs is mainly controlled by ___	abundance of predators
up to 90% of the nutritional needs of stoney corals is supplied by symbiotic ___	zooxanthellae
fire corals are found mainly in ___	reef crest
what coral reefs have lagoon ?	fringing reefs
elevated temperature, excessive amounts of radiation, aerial exposure, and bacterial infection are causes of ___	coral bleaching
the gulf stream is a ____ current	western boundary current
during an el nino year, the ___ weaken on the pacific ocean	trade winds
what is the most important role of geostrophic currents?	carry heat
the densest seawater in the atlantic ocean is the ____	antarctic bottom water
what substances has the highest heat capacity ?	water
Sea breezes occur after	Sunrise
A wave of water moving up a river, intiated by tidal action and normal resonance within a river estuary, is called a ___	Tidal bore
New Orleans received huge damage from hurricane Katrina because of all of the following reasons EXCEPT	Katrina landed on Florida before it headed for New Orleans
Which is FALSE explanation about tides	Tides are called free waves
Surfers enjoy	Plunging Waves
When waves approach the shore, wave length___	decrease
Fort Myers is which kind of tidal zone?	Microtidal
When waves approach the shore, a series of changes takes place. One change is that the	Wave breaks whent the ratio of the wave height to water depth is 3:4
What is important to reduce the damage of a Tsunami in the future?	all of the above (setting of tsunami warning systems, tsunami education, researching a tsunami)
The distance between two adjacent crests is called	the wavelength
Which is a false explanation about the moon and tide?	a lunar day is 22 hours and 50 min
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding solar heating of the Earth?	High latitude zones receive more solar energy than the low latitude zones
Air condition of high pressure is	Chilly and Dry
Warm air is ____ than cold air	lighter
A point in the ocean around which the tide crest rotates through one tidal cycle is called	an amphidromic point
North America's most violent extratropical cyclones that come in winter are called	Nor' Easters
When the sun and mooon are in a line with the Earth, the____ will occur	highest high tides and lowest low tides (spring tide)
Gravitational and Centrifugal forces make tidal bulges (T/F)	True
At the first and third quarter moons, the sun, Earth and moon form a right angle, creating spring tides (T/F)	False
Flood current is the flow of water away from the land with the approaching low tide (T/F)	False
Tsunami is only dangerous when they get close to land and increase in wave height (T/F)	True
Slack water is a time of no current (T/F)	True
when ice melts, ___ large quantities of heat	absorbs
what is the one current that does not flow in the atlantic ocean	peru current
the average depth of the worlds oceans is about ___	3800
current tend to move in large ___ patterns in the northern hemisphere	clockwise
the largest of the western boundary currents is the ___	gulf stream
a system of cour currents completing a flow circuit around the periphery of an ocean basic is collectively called ___	gyre
the main force driving thermohaline circulation is ___	gravity (density)
the sound velocity in the ocean is influenced by pressure is regarding ___	sound in the ocean
the theoretical direction of ekman transport is ___ to the right of the wind direction on the northern hemisphere	90 degrees
___ are not an important factor for the formation of geostrophic currents	tides
a water molecule is electrically bonded to nearby water molecules by ___	hydrogen bond
the property of water that accounts for the ability of liquid water to absorb heat and change only very little in temperature is called ___	high heat capacity
T or F; the average water temperature of the ocean is 14 C	false
oxygen enters seawater as a ___	by product of photosynthesis and diffusion from the surface
dead zones are mainly formed in ___	summer
the wavelengths of light that penetrate deepest into the nearshore water are ___	green and yellow
the principle of constant proportions states that __	the ratio of major salts in samples of seawater from various places is constant
sound is horizontally concentrated rather than diffused as it moves through the water, acoustical energy losses are relatively small, sound waves travel great horizonatal distances, and sound velocity is a minimum are parts of ___	oceans deep sounds channel (sofar layer)
what percent of fish are marine fish	60%
when a fish hides from predators, search for bait, and search water currents they use their ___	lateral line
the red drum has a ___ caudal fin	truncated
skates and rays have greatly enlarged ___ fins	dorsal
the deep-bodied fish keep ___	high maneuverability
catfish are what kind of fish	bottom-dwelling fish
the movement of water across a cell membrane from and area of high concentration to low concentration is ___	osmosis
the shape of a sharks caudal fin is characterized as ___	heterocercal
butterfly fish are what kind of fish	deep-bodied fish
what kind of information can be delivered from otoliths?	age of fish
T of F; 1,000 species of fishes had been described by 2010	false
in osmoregulation, marine fish need to drink seawater because they are in ___ environments	hypertonic
karenia brevis, a phytoplankton species known to produce brevitoxin is a ___	dinoflagellate
sharks and rays are ___	cartilaginous fishes
T or F; the countercurrent arrangement of fish gills allows efficient gas exchange between the blood and the water to occur along the entire length of the blood vessel	true
T or F; corals eat zooplankton at night	true
T or F; fish ears are internal structures that evolved from the lateral line system	true
T or F; the surface water temperature monitoring in the central atlantic is important for the prediction of el nino	false
Gravity, ___ and heat are factors contributed to the formation of Earth's layers	Density
The ocean was formed how long ago	about 4.3 Billion years ago
All of the following components are found inside of Earth EXCEPT	middle core
The behavior of ___ generated by earthquakes give scientists some of the best evidence about the structure of the Earth	seismic waves
Earlier than 200 million years ago, the continents were joined into one supercontinent called	Pangea
the state of gravitational equilibrium between the Earth's lithosphere and asthenosphere is called	Isostasy
One cubic meter of which would weigh more? Seawater, Granite Rock, or Basaltic Rock	Basaltic Rock (oceanic rock)
What did Alfred Wagner use to explain his continental drift theory?	Fossils
The oceanic crust is primarily ___, a heavy, dark colored rock	Basalt
The magnetic striping of the seafloor is considered evidence of periodic reversals in the polarity of the Earth's magnetic field and___	Sea floor spreading (ocean ridges)
All of the following are true concerning subduction zones EXCEPT	They are sites where lithospheric plates are diverging or pulling apart
How can a satellite sense teh contours of the ocean bottom from space?	By using radar to sense the height of the sea surface over submerged features
The main island of Japan was formed by	The plate convergence of oceanic crust toward oceanic crust
The deep ocean basin includes all of the following except: Continental Shelf, Abyssal Hill, Abyssal Plains, & Mid ocean ridges	Continental Shelf
All of the following components are generally found near the subduction zone EXCEPT: Narrow Continental Shelf, Active Margin, Volcanic Mountain Ranges, & Spreading Zone	Spreading Zone
The origin of submarine canyons is not well understood, but it is most likely from	Underwater avalanche of sediments
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding continental shelves of South and North America	Limited developments of continental shelves are seen in the Atlantic Coast
The continental margin does not contain	Deep ocean floor
which country is a top country in an annual fish harvest record in the world?	china
what is the top ranked fish by quantity in the US	pollock
the world commercial fish catch is ___ now	slowing down
T or F; if you eat cultured salmon for example, it means you are consuming wild fish indirectly	true
the US is the ___ country in an aquaculture harvest record in the world	8th
US aquaculture production is __ in a decade	increasing
T or F; filet-o-fish in a fast food restaurant is made from atlantic cod	false
orange roughy lives in ___	deep sea
T or F; orange roughy can live longer than 100 years	true
how can we reduce bycatch?	development of new gears
usually marine fish having little of no market value and used for livestock/fish feed in the different countries are ___	trash fish
the amount of harvested fish used to feed domestic animals is ___	increasing
___ are major food source for the livestock of development countries	anchovies
T or F; the numbers of salmon mariculture farms in alaska are increasing every year with support of government	false
T or F; one big problem of salmon farms in the pacific coasts is the escaping of fish from cages	true
removing of fish from the population faster than they can be replaced is called ___	overfishing
what is the most popular aquaculture fish in the US?	catfish
a mariculture technique uses salmons natural homing instinct is called ___	ranching
what is more environmentally friendly for mariculture?	oysters
the right whale is included in ___	baleen whales
the large scale whale migration patterns are more common in ___	baleen
sea otters are belonging to the order ___	carnivora
porpoises are belonging to the order ___	catecea
dugongs are belonging to the order__	sirenia
T or F; blue whales occasionally eat phytoplankton such as diatoms and dinoflagellates	false
marine mammals are covered with a thick layer of fat called ___	blubber
animals that generate and regulate metabolic heat and maintain an internal body temperature generally higher than their surroundings are ___	endothermic
the countercurrent blood flow system in flippers and tails in whales enhances efficient transfer of ___	heat
T or F; whale fetuses have hour limbs during the development	true
porpoises are members of ___	toothed whales
sea lions are members of ___	eared seals
what animal can swim the deepest, northern elephant seal, fin whale, sea otter	northern elephant seal
the ___ is a fatty organ believed to associate with echolocation	melon
the US consumes about __ of the worlds oil	25%
oil, __ and natural has are the 3 principle energy sources now	coal
most of the oil and natural gas are found in ___	continental shelf
T or F; natural gas is a reusable source	false
the dominant component of natural gas is ___	methane
T or F; natural gas presents as a form of methane hydrate in ocean sediments	true
what is the problem of tidal power station construction in coastal zones ?	destruction of habitats
T or F; tidal power can potentially supply 30% of the worlds energy	false
pelamis is the worlds first commercial ___ energy generator	wave
what is the largest course of marine pollution ?	runoff and discharges from land
various synthetic organic chemicals run into the ocean are incorporated into marine organisms, this is called ___	biomagnification
the largest environmental problem in the world is likely ___	expansion of human population
Which word does NOT relate to the mid Atlantic Ridge	Plate Convergence
What is the smallest type of particle in sediment characterization	Clay
Carbonate sediments are rare in very deep sea environments because	The carbonate shells dissolve in deep water
Which of the following is the most abundant sediment in the ocean	Biogenous Sediments
In the process of lithification, sediments:	are converted into solid rock by heat and pressure
Radiolarians and diatoms are both examples of	Organisms that form siliceous oozes
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding sediments	Well sorted sediments are composed of particles of various sizes
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding air borne dust	Air borne dusts are classified as cosmogenous sediments
Which is a FALSE statement about Dover's white cliffs	Siliceous ooze
___ accelerate the sedimentation of biogenous materials	Fecal pellets
Which word does NOT relate to hydrogenous sediments? Microbial Mineralization, Manganese Nodules, Evaporites, Cocoliths, or Oolites	Cocoliths
Sources of terrigenous sediments includes all of the following EXCEPT	Asteroids
In hydrothermal vents, symbiotic bacteria oxidize___ to generate energy	Hydrogen Sulfide
The average ocean carbon productivity is ___ fC/m2/year	120
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding trophic levels	Approxamately 30% of energy is generally transferred to the next trophic level
Which of the following statements is FALSE regarding tube worms	They have blue blood containing hemocyanin
Estimation of the potential fish production in the ocean may be achieved by using	satellite images
Broad continental shelves are found in the ___	East Coast
The total biomass __ with increasing the trophic level	decreases
Primary productivities are generally high in the __ latitude zones	high
What is a technique to determine the age of ancient rocks	radioactive dating
In the pelagic province, the water depth between 1,000 and 2,000 meters is called	Bathypelagic
The Earth's cores consist mainly of mantle (T/F)	True
Cosmogenous sediments are often found in hydrothermal vents (T/F)	False
The average ocean depth is about 6,000 meters (T/F)	False
Red Sea is a good example of spreading zone (T/F)	True
Hawi'ian islands are moving toward the Northwest (T/F)	True
The continental shelves have thicker average sediment layers than the continental rises (T/F)	False
Annual averaged ocean productivity is larger than that of terrestial productivity (T/F)	False
Chemosynthesis is a type of primary production like photosynthesis (T/F)	True
Manganese nodules found in the deep sea floor were originally transported by turbidity currents (T/F)	True
Iceland is located on the Mid Atlantic Ridge (T/F)	True

Created by: KAzetapi