CH 18: ENDOCRINE Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
endocrine system	bodys second great controlling system which influences metabolic activited by means of hormones responses are slower but last longer
endocrine glands	pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pineal, and thymus
hypothalamus	part of brain the communicates with pituitary gland both neural functions and releases hormones
hormones	long distance chemical signals that travel in blood or lympth travels anywhere
autocrines	cell that affects itself
paracrines	affects cells around it
autocrines and paracrines are local chemical messengers and will/will not be considered part of endocrine system	will not
eicosanoids	biologically active lipids with local hormone like activity
what are the three types of hormones	1. amino acid based 2. steroids 3. eicosanoids
which hormones use second messengers?	amino acid hormones
which hormones use direct gene activation	steroid horomes
true or false. steroids use secondary messengers	false. amino acid hormones use secondary hormones.
TRUE/FALSE... PIP and cyclic AMP are second messengers	true
what does PIP and cyclic AMP do?	binds then goes to the next and then there is a final
what does protein synthesis do?	repair
what do steroid hormones do?	-dna produces mRNA -mRNA is translated to protein
what are the three factors that target cell activation depends on?	1. hormones 2. receptors 3. affinity of receptors
up regulations	target cells form more receptors in response to the hormone (you make more, like when you life weights)
down regulation	target loose receptors in response to hormone (stop lifting weights)
the concentration of circulating hormones in blood reflects	1. rate of release 2. speed of inactivation and removal from body
most hormones circulate in blood without carriers. which hormones are attached to plasma proteins?	steroids and thyroid hormones
how are hormones removed from the blood	1.degrading enzymes 2. the kidneys 3. live enzyme systems
the time required for a hormones blood level to decrease by half is known as	half time
what are the three types of hormone interaction?	1.permissiveness 2. synergism 3. antagonism
what is permissiveness and an example	one hormone cannot exert its effects without another hormone being present ex- thyroid hormone and reproductive system
what is synergism and an example	more than one hormone produces the same effects on a target cell ex- glucagon and epinephrine in release of liver glucose (they both do the same thing)
what is antagonism and an example	2 hormones oppose each other ex- insulin puts sugar in cells and glucagon raise sugar levels
blood level hormones are controlled by	negative feedback systems so, build up hormone, when its at where it needs to be it shuts off
secretion of hormones in direct response to changing blood levels of ions and nutrients in known as	humoral stimuli
when is PTH secreted	when blood calcium concentration are declining
nerve fibers simulate hormone release	neural stimuli
catecholamines are	epinephrin norepinephrine dopamine
norepinephrine can function as a ____ and ____	neurotransmitter and hormone
example of neural stimuli is when	the sympathetic nervous system fibers stimlate the adrenal medulla to secret catecholamines it happens immediately
the release of hormones in response to hormones produced by other endocrine organs	hormonal stimuli
example of hormonal stimuli	the hypothalamic hormones stimulate the anterior pituitary and in turn, pituitary hormones stimulate targets to secrete more hormones
two lobed organ that secretes nine major hormones is	pituitary gland
neurohypophysis	posterior lobe and infundibulum doesnt make hormones recieves and stores and releases hormones from the hypothalamus
adenohypophysis	anterior lobe- makes hormones and secretes them
what tissue makes up the adenohypophysis	glandular tissue
what tissue makes up the neurohypophysis	neural tissue
the hypothalamus makes hormones and stores it in the ........	posterior lobe (neurohypphysis)
the nuclei of the hypothalmus synethesis ____ and _____	oxytin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH
what are the anterior pituitary hormones	1. human growth hormone (hGH) 2. thyroid stimulating hormone (tsh) or thyrotropin 3. adrenocorticotropic hormone (acth) 4. follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) 5. luteinizing hormone (lh) 6. prolactin (prl)
the ______ sends a chemical stimulus to the anterior pituitary	hypothalamus
releasing and inhibiting hormones are made by the	hypothalamus
what do the releasing hormones do	stimulate the synethsis and release hormones
what do inhibiting hormones do	shut off the synthesis and release of hormones
human growth hormones	1. produce cells called somatotrophs) 2. target bones and skeletal muscles 3. use fats for fuel 4. insulin like growth factors
what are the actions of growth hormone	stimulates liver, skeletal muscle, bone and cartilidge to produce insulin like growth factors mobilizes fat and elevated blood glucose by decreasing glucose uptake
hypersecretion is children causes	giagantism
hypersecretion is adults causes	acromegaly which is an explansion of jaw and feet
how can gigantisim be fixed	by removing the pituitary tumor
what does hyposecretion is children cause and how can it be fixed	dwarfism and can be fixed by GH injections
what is the flow chart from thryoid stimuating hormone	hypothalmas>trh>anterior pituitary>tsh>thyroid gland>thyroid hormones>target cells
adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulates the ______ to release_______	adrenal cortex corticosteroids
corticotroin releasing hormone makes_____	corticotropin
which hormone is absent from blood in prepubertal boys and girls	follicle stimulating hormone (fsh) luteinizing hormone (lh)
stimulates gamete production	follicle stimulating hormone (fsh)
promotes production of gonadal hormones	luteinizing hormone (lh)
what is the end product of gonadotropin releasing hormone	estrogen and testosterone
what are the functions of gonadotropins in females	1. maturation of ovarian follicle 2. trigger ovulation 3. estrogen and progesterone
what are the functions of gonadotropins in males	lh stimulates interstital cells of testes to make testosterone
prolactin	breast milk blood levels rise toward end of pregnancy secreted by lactotro
prolactin is primarily controlled by	prolactin inhibiting hormone (dopamine) to prevent it from being used
what does the posterior pituitary store	antidiuertic hormone (adh) oxytocin
antidiuertic hormone (adh) and oxytocin are synthesized in	the hypothalamus
what influences water balance?	adh
what stimulated smooth muscle contraction in breasts and uterus	oxytocin
what are some functions of oxytocin	uterine contraction positive feedback mechanisim to oxytocin in blood this leads to increased intensity of uterine contractions, ending birth triggers milk ejection plays role in sexual arousal
decrease production of urine	antidiuretic hormone
when blood is too concentrated, adh is ______	released
when blood has to much water, adh is _____	inhibited
ADH deficiency	diabetes insipidus; huge output of urine and intense thirst
adh hypersecretion	syndrom of inappropiae adh secretion after neurosurgery, trauma, etc
the largest endocrine gland is	thyroid
he largest gland is	liver
largest organ is	skin

Created by: rivaisrael