A&P Chapter 5-6 Test Word Scramble

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Question	Answer
Tissues	Groups of specialized cells that are similar in structure and that perform common functions.
Four Common Types of Tissue	Epithelial tissue, Connective tissue, Muscle tissue, Nervous tissue
Epithelial Tissue	Sheets of cells that line or cover various surfaces and body cavities; Protect underlying cavities (Ex. Skin; Lining of the mouth; Bladder; Lungs; Blood vessels)
Characteristics	Smooth – to reduce friction Glandular – form the glands
Glands	Specialized to synthesize and secrete a product
Exocrine (exo=outward) Glands	secrete their product into a hollow organ or duct(Ex glands in mouth (saliva); sweat glands)
Endocrine (endo= within) Glands	secrete hormone (ex. thyroid gland (growth and metabolism))
Squamous (squama=plate-like)cell shape	one or more layers of flattened cells
Cuboidal	cube shaped cells
Columnar	comprised of tall rectangular cells
simple epithelium	(single layer)
stratified epithelium	(consists of layers)
Strata	Layers
Basement Membranes	Supporting non-cellular layer directly beneath the cells the epithelium tissue; Functions as the mortar that anchors the cells to the stronger tissues below it (usually connective tissue)
Connective Tissue	Support the softer organs of the body against the forces of gravity; Connects various parts of the body
Characteristics of Connective Tissue	Few living cells (unlike epithelial cells); Structure consists of nonliving material called matrix; The matrix is synthesized by connective tissue and released into the space between them; Provided strength
Fibrous Connective Tissue	Provides strength, support and flexibility; Consists of several layers of fiber and cells (Ex. Collagen fibers; Elastic fibers; Reticular fibers)
Specialized connective tissue includes	Cartilage- transition tissue from which bone develops; Bone- deposits of calcium and phosphate; Blood – cells suspended in fluid matrix called plasma (carries oxygen and nutrients); Adipose – specialized for fat storage
Muscle Tissue	Consists of cells that are specialized to shorten and contract resulting in movement of some kind; Tightly packed muscle fibers
Skeletal Muscle Tissue	connects to tendons which attach to bones
Cardiac Muscle Tissue	found only in the heart (involuntary – contracts on own)
Smooth Muscle Tissue	surrounds hollow organs and tubes including blood vessels, digestive tract, uterus and bladder
Nervous Tissue	Consists primarily of cells that are specialized for generating and transmitting electrical impulses (Ex. Brain; Spinal cord; Nerves from various organs in the body)
Organs	Structures composed of two or more organ tissue types joined together that perform a specific function (s) (Ex. Heart; Lungs; Liver; Kidney)
Organ Systems	Groups of organs that together serve a broad function that is important to the survival of the whole organism (Ex. digestive system (mouth, throat, esophagus, stomach, intestines, liver, pancreas, and gall bladder))
Body Cavities	Location of many organ/organ systems
Interior cavity	Thoracic - Plural pericardial Abdominal - pelvic Posterior - Cranial Spinal
Serous Tissues	lines and lubricates body cavities
Mucous Tissues	– lines airways, digestive tract, and reproductive passages
Synovial Tissues	lines cavities between bones and movable joints
Cutaneous Tissues	(skin) protection, sensation, support, body temperature
Negative feedback control systems	Controlled variable (blood pressure, body temperature, glucose concentration); Sensor (monitors the control variable); Control center (receives input from sensor); Effector (takes necessary action)
Organs	The result of two or more types of tissues organizing in such a way as tot accomplish a task that the tissues can not do on their own.
Systems	A system is formed by organs that work together to accomplish something more complex than what a single organ can do on it’s own.
Integumentary System	Includes skin, hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands
Musculoskeletal System	Muscles; Bones; Joints
Endocrine System	Thyroid gland; Pituitary gland; Testes; Ovaries; Adrenal glands; Pancreas; Parathyroid glands; Pineal gland; Thymus gland
Cardiovascular System	Heart; Blood; Arterties; Veins
Lymphatic and Immune System	Spleen; Lymph; Thymus gland
Respiratory system	Nose; Pharynx; Larynx; Trachea; Lungs; Bronchial tubes
Gastrointestinal System	Mouth; Pharynx; Esophagus; Stomach; Small intestine; Colon; Liver; Gallbladder; Pancreas
Urinary System	Kidneys; Ureters; Bladder; Urethra
Reproductive System	Ovaries; Uterus; Fallopian Tubes; Vagina; Mammary glands; Testes; Prostate; Urethra
Nervous System	Brain; Spinal Cord; Nerves
Senses	Eyes; Ears
The Skeleton System	The organ system for support, protection , and movement; Consists of three types of connective tissue (Bones (hard element of the skeleton); Ligaments (dense fibrous tissue that binds the bones to each other); Cartilage (fibers of collagen and elastin))
Bone Development	Begins in embryo (Chondroblasts (cartilage cells); Ossification (cartilage replaced by bone); Osteoblasts (bone forming cells); Osteoclasts (bone destroying cells))
Five Important Functions of the Bones	Support; Movement; Protection; Formation of blood cells; Mineral storage (calcium and phosphorus)
Properties of Bone	Can be remodeled and repaired; Can change size, shape and strength; Regulated by hormone
Skeleton	206 known bones classified into four types (Long (limbs and fingers); Short (wrist wide as it is long); Flat (cranial, sternum, ribs – thin flattened and curved); Irregular (hips and vertebrae))
Periosteum	covers the bone tough and fibrous (Contains blood vessels, transports blood and nutrients into the bone)
Epiphysis	each end of the bone
Diaphysis	region running through one end to the other
Medullary	hollow region inside (storage area for bone marrow.
Red bone marrow	(makes red blood cells)
Yellow bone marrow	(high fat contact – can assist with red blood cell production in emergency situations)
Cartilage	Dense connective tissue; Can withstand flexing, tension and pressure
Articulation	two or more bones joined together form a joint or articulation
Ligaments	connective tissue allowing joints to move freely
Tendons	hold bone to bone
Axial Skeleton	Skull; Vertebral column; Ribs; Sternum
Appendicular Skeleton	Pectoral girdle; Pelvic girdle; limbs

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