NASM 4th Edition: Chapter 3- Cardiorespiratory System (Vocabulary)
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| What is the Cardiorespiratory System | a system of the body composed of the cardiovascular (heart, blood vessels, and blood) and respiratory system (trachea, bronchi, alveoli, and lungs).
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| What is the Cardiovascular System | a system of the body composed of the (heart, blood vessels, and blood). It transports the blood from the heart to the tissues of the body
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| What is the Heart | a hollow muscular organ that pumps a circulation of blood through the body by means of rhythmic contraction
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| What is the Mediastinum | the space in the chest between the lungs that contains all of the internal organs of the chest except the lungs (for example the heart is contained here)
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| What is the Sinoatrial (SA) node | a specialized area of cardiac tissue, located in the right atrium of the heart, which initiates the electrical impulses that determine the heart rate; often termed the pacemaker of the heart
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| What is the Atrioventicular (AV) node | a small mass of specialized cardiac muscle fibers, located in the wall of the right atrium of the heart, that receives heartbeat impulses from the sinoatrial node and directs them to the walls of the ventricles
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| What is the Atrium | the superior chamber of the heart that receives blood from the veins and forces it into the ventricles
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| What is the Ventricles | the inferior chamber of the heart that receives blood from its corresponding atrium and, in turn, forces blood into the arteries
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| What is the Stroke volume | the amount of blood pumped out of the heart with each contraction
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| What is the Heart rate | the rate at which the heart pumps
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| What is the Cardiac output (Q) | (= heart rate (x) stroke volume), the overall performance of the heart
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| What is Blood | fluid that circulates in the heart, arteries, capillaries, and veins, carries nutrients and oxygen to all parts of the body, and also ride the body of waste products
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| What are Blood vessels | network of hollow tubes that circulates blood throughout the body
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| What are Arteries | vessels that transport blood away from the heart
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| What are Capillaries | the smallest blood vessels, and the site of exchange of chemicals and water between the blood and the tissues
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| What are Veins | vessels that transport blood from the capillaries toward the heart
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| What are Arterioles | small terminal branches of an artery, which end in capillaries
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| What are Venules | the very small veins that connect capillaries to the larger veins
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| What is the Respiratory System | also known as the pulmonary system. The function is to bring oxygen into the lungs(from the external environment), and transports it to the bloodstream. It also remove carbon dioxide from the lungs
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| What is the Respiratory pump | is composed of skeletal structures (bones) and soft tissue (muscles) that work together to allow proper respiratory mechanics to occur and help pump blood back to the heart during inspiration
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| What is Inspiration | (inhalation)- the process of collectively contracting the inspiratory muscles to move air into the body
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| What is Expiration | ( exhalation)-the process of actively or passively relaxing the inspiratory muscles to move air out of the body
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| What is Diffusion | the process of getting oxygen from the environment to the tissues of the body
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| What is Maximal oxygen output (Vo2max) | the highest rate of oxygen transport and utilization achieved at maximal physical exertion.
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| What does 1 MET stand for: | 1 metabolic equivalent
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| *What is the smallest blood vessels which connect venules with arterioles? | capillaries
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| *What is the combination of how many times the heart beats per minute (heart rate) and how much blood is being pumped out with each beat (stroke volume) is collectively called? | cardiac output
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