atoms, molecules, and ions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Law of Multiple Proportions | When two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element in these compounds for a fixed mass of the other element are in rations of small whole numbers.
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| Isotope | Atoms whose nuclei have the same atomic number but different mass numbers.
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| Ionic compound | A compound composed of cations and anions.
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| Ion | An electrically charged particle obtained from an atom or a chemically bonded group of atoms by adding or removing electrons.
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| Inorganic Compound | Compounds composed of elements other than carbon.
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| Hydrocarbon | Compounds containing only carbon and hydrogen.
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| Hydrate | A compound that contains water molecules weakly bound in its crystals.
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| Group (of the periodic table) | The elements in any one column of the periodic table.
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| Functional Group | A reactive portion of a molecule that undergoes predictable reactions.
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| Fractional (Isotopic) Abundance | The fraction of the total number of atoms that is composed of a particular isotope.
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| Formula Unit | The group of atoms or ions explicitly symbolized in the formula.
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| Electron | A very light, negatively charged particle that exists in the region around the atom's positively charged nucleus.
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| Chemical Nomenclature | The systematic naming of chemical compounds.
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| Chemical Formula | A notation that uses atomic symbols with numerical subscripts to convey the relative proportions of atoms of the different elements in a substance.
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| Chemical Equation | The symbolic representation of a chemical reation in terms of chemical formulas.
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| Cation | A positively charged ion.
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| Binary Compound | A compound composed of only two elements.
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| Atomic Theory | An explanation of the structure of matter in terms of different combinations of very small particles.
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| Atomic Symbol | A one- or two- lettered notation used to represent an atom corresponding to a particular element.
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| Atomic Number (Z) | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
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| Atomic Mass Unit (AMU) | A mass unit equal to exactly one-twelfth the mass of a carbon-12 atom.
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| Atomic Mass | As a general term, the mass of an individual atom.
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| Atom | An extremely small particle of matter that retains its identity during chemical reactions.
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| Anion | A negatively charged ion.
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| Reactant | A starting substance in a chemical reaction.
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| Proton | A particle found in the nucleus of the atom. It has a positive charge equal in magnitude, but opposite in sign, to that of the electron and a mass 1836 times that of the electron.
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| Product | A substance that results from a chemical reaction.
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| Polymer | A very large molecule made up of a number of smaller molecules repeatedly linked together.
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| Polyatomic Ion | An ion consisting of two or more atoms chemically bonded together and carrying a net electric charge.
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| Periodic table | A tabular arrangement of elements in rows and columns, highlighting the regular repetition of properties of the elements.
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| Period (of the periodic table) | The elements in any one horizontal row of the periodic table.
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| Oxoacid | An acid containing hydrogen, oxygen, and another element (often called the central element).
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| Organic Compound | Compounds that contain carbon combined with other elements, such as hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
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| Nuclide | A particular atom characterized by a definite atomic number an mass number.
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| Nucleus | The atom's central core.
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| Nonmetal | An element that does not exhibit the characteristics of a metal.
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| Neutron | A particle found in the nucleus of an atom. It has a mass almost identical to that of the proton but no electric charge.
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| Monomer | The small molecules that are linked together to form a polymer.
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| Monatomic Ion | An ion from a single atom.
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| Molecule | A definite group of atoms that are chemically bonded together- that is, tightly connected by attractive forces.
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| Molecular Formula | A chemical formula that gives the exact number of different atoms of an element in a molecule.
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| Metalloid (semimetal) | An element having both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
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| Metal | A substance or mixture that has a characteristic luster or shine, is generally a good conductor of heat and electricity, and is malleable and ductile.
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| Mass Number (A) | The total number of protons and neutrons in a nucleus.
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