Phlebotomy Chapter 3
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| Bloodborne pathogen (BBP) | Term applied to infectious microorganisms in blood or other body fluids
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| Biohazard | Short for biological hazard; anything potentially harmful to health
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| Chain of infection | A number of components or events that, when present in a series, lead to an infection
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| Engineering controls | Devices such as sharps disposal containers and needles with safety features that isolate or remove a bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace
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| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency
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| Fire tetrahedron | The latest way of looking at the chemistry of fire, in which the chemical reaction that produces fire is added as a fourth component to the traditional fire triangle components of fuel, heat, and oxygen
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| Fomites | Inanimate objects such as countertops and computer keyboards, that can harbor material containing infectious agents
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| HAI | Healthcare-associated infection
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| Hazard Communication (HazCom) Standard | The OSHA Standard that requires employers to maintain documentation on all hazardous chemicals
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| HBV | Hepatitis B virus; the virus that cause hepatitis B
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| HCV | Hepatitis C virus; the virus that cause hepatitis C
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| HICPAC | Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee
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| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus
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| Immune | Protected from or resistant to a particular disease or infection because of the development of antibody through vaccination or recovery from the disease
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| Infectious/Causative agent | The pathogen responsible for causing an infection: also called the causataive agent
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| Isolation procedures | Procedures intended to separate patients with certain transmissible infections from contact with others
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| Microbe | Short for microorganism; a microscopic organism or one that is not visible to the naked eye
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| Neutropenic | Pertaining to an abnormally small number of neutrophils in the blood
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| NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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| Nosocomial infection | An infection acquired in a healthcare facility
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| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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| Parenteral | Administration by any route other than the digestive tract
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| Pathogenic | Capable of causing disease
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| Percutaneous | Through the skin
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| Permucosal | Through mucous membranes
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| Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) | Protection clothing and other protective items worn by an individual
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| Reservoir | The source of an infectious microorganism
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| Reverse isolation | Type of isolation in which protective measures are taken to keep healthcare workers and others from transmitting infection to a pataient who is highly susceptible to infection
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| Standard precautions | Precautions made to min. the risk of infection transmission when caring for all pts regardless of their status.They apply to blood,all body fluids(including secretions/excretions except sweat,whether/not they contain visible blood)nonintact skin,mucousmem
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| Susceptibloe host | An individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent
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| Transmission-based precautions | Precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens
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| Vector transmission | Transmission of an infectious agent by an insect, arthropod, or animal
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| Vehicle transmission | Transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food,water,drugs, or the transfusion of blood
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| Work Practice controls | Practices that alter the manner in which a task is performed so as to reduce the likelihood of bloodborne pathogen exposure
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| Pathogens | Microbes capbale of causing disease
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| Material safety data sheet (MSDS) | A written document containing general information as well as precautionary and emergency information for any product with a hazardous warning on the label
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| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | The division of the U.S. Public Health Service charaged with the investigation and control of disease with epidemic potential
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| These are the initials of the U.S. governmnet agency that mandates and enforces safe working conditions for employees | OSHA
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| The series of component that lead to infection are referred to as the: | chain of infection
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| The pathogen responsible for causing an infection is called the infectious | agent
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| The term pathogenic means: | productive of disease
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| A specimen processor removes the stopper from a tube without barrier protection and feels a mist of specimen touch his eyes. What type of exposer occurs through eye conduct | Permucosal
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| Isolation procedures are used to separate patients from contact with others if they: | have highly transmissible infections
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| Which of the following should be removed from a list of microbes | Ova
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| Which of the following is most likely to increase susceptibility to infection | Use of antibiotics
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| An individual who has little resistance to an infectious microbe is referred to as a susceptible: | host
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| MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) information includes: | general and emergency information
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| Transmission based precautions must be followed for patient with: | highly transmissible diseases
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| Which of the following patients would require contact precautions pending a diagnosis | A diapered patient with symptoms of infection with an enteric pathogen
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| An individual is infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) after eating contaminated spinch. What type of infection transmission is involved | Vehicle
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| An avulsion is a: | tearing away of a body part
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| This type of precaution is required for a patient with Mycoplasma pneumonia | Droplet
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| Typical neonatal ICU infection control procedure includes: | decontaminating hands and wearing new gloves for each patient
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| What does the NFPA codeword RACE mean | Rescue, alarm, confine, extinguish
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| Which of the following statements concerning an employee's exposure to a blood borne pathogen is untrue | Source patients, if known, must be tested for HIV and HBV
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| When the chain of infection is broken, an: | infection is prevented from happening
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| The focus of infection control turned from preventing patient to patient transmission to preventing patient to personnel transmission with the introduction of this concept | Universal precautions (UP)
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| The term used to describle an infection that infects the entire body is: | systemic
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| Which type of precautions would be used for a patient who has pulmonary tuberculosis | Airborne
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| Exercise reduces stress by: | triggering the release of endorphins
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| The abbreviation for the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is: | HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus
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| A person who has recovered from a particular virus and has developed antibodies against that virus is said to be: | immune
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| According to current first aid procedures, severe external hemorrhage can be effectively controlled by: | applying firm direct pressure to the wound
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| The main purpose of an infection control program is to: | prevent the spread of infection in the hospital
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| All pathogens are: | microbes that can cause disease
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| Which of the following diseases involve a blood borne pathogen | Hepatitis B
Malaria
Syphilis
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| Which of the following is part of proper handwashing procedure | Stand back so clothing does not touch the sink
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| An example of a disease requiring droplet isolation is: | pertussis
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| Class C fires involve: | electrical equipment
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| Standard precautions should be followed: | with all patients at all times
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| Hepatitis B vaccination normally involves | a first shot of vaccine, one a month later, and one 6 months after the first
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| Objects that can harbor and transmit infectious material are called: | formites
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| The HazCom Standard is also commonly called the: | Right to Know Law
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| The body organ targeted by HBV is the: | Liver
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| These are the initials of two organizations responsible for guidelines for isolation precautions in hospitals: | CDC and HICPAC
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| The primary purpose of wearing gloves during phlebotomy procedures is to protect the: | phlebotomist from exposure to the patient's blood
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| The first three components fo fire that were traditionally referred to as the fire triangle are: | fuel, oxygen, and heat
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| Which of the following would be excluded from a list of ways to help break the chain of infection | Keeping pathogen exit pathways open
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| Which of the following statements complies with electrical safety guidelines | Electrical equipment should be unplugged while being serviced
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| Which body fluid is excluded from standard precautions requirements | Sweat
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| The ability of a microorganism to survive on contaminated articles and equipment has to do with its: | viability
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| The fourth component that turns the fire triangle into a fire tetrahedron is a: | chemical reaction
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| This equipment is required when one is collecting a specimen from a patient in airborne isolation | N95 respirator
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| Most exposures to HIV in healthcare settings are the result of: | accidental needlesticks
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| The most common type of nosocomial infection in the United States is: | urinary tract infection
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| These are the initials of the organization that instituted and enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (BBP) | OSHA
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| Which of the following would be an unsafe laboratory practice | Keeping your lab coat on at all times
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| You accidentally splash a bleach solution into your eyes while preparing it for cleaning purposes. What is the first thing to do | Flush your eyes with water for a minimum of 15 minutes
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| What is the best way to clean up blood that has dripped on the arm of a phelbotomy chair | Absorb it with a gauze pad and clean the area with disinfectant
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| An example of employee screening for infection control is requiring employees to have: | PPD (or TB) testing (PPD - Purified Protein Derivative)
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| Which mode of infection transmission occurs from touching contaminated bed linens | indirect contact
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| Which of the following can be transmitted through blood tranfusion | Hepatitis viruses
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| Which of the following is required by the Blood-borne Pathogen (BBP) Standard | Wearing gloves when performing phlebotomy
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| What is the meaning of the symbol W (line through it) | Water-reactive
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| Neutropenic isolation is a type of reverse isolation used for patients with: | a low WBC count
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| What should the phlebotomist do if the outside of a patient specimen tube has blood on it | Wipe the tube with disinfectant
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| A laboratory or patient care activity that requires goggles to prevent exposure from sprays or splashes also requires this protective attire | Mask
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| A phlebotomist may be able to work without restrictions despite of having this condition | A positive PPD test - Pirquet tuberculin skin test (mantoux)
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| How many classes of fire are identified by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) | Five
Class A ordinary combustible materials
Class B Flammable liquids
Class C Electrical equipment
Class D Combustible metals
Class K Cooking oils, grease or fat
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| Which of the following is condidered the best mean of preventing nosocomial infections | Proper hand hygiene
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| The purpose of "reverse" isolation is to: | Protect susceptible patients from outside contamination
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| Which of the following could result in exposure to a blood-borne pathogen by a "percutaneous" exposure route | Drawing blood without using a needle safety device
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| In which instance could an electrical shock to a patient most likely occure | Touching some electrical equipment during a blood draw
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| The "Right to Know" law primarily deals with: | Hazard communication
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| The best course of action when entering an isolation room is to: | Follow the posted precations
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| Which one of the following diseases involves a blood-borne pathogen | Malaria
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| The degree to which a microorganism is capable of causing disease is the definition of: | Virulence
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| Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health is the definition of a: | Biohazard
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| What is the proper order for putting on protective clothing | Gown, mask, gloves
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| The blue quadrant of thge NFPA diamond shaped symbol for hazardous material indicates a: | Health hazard
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| Thes are the initials of the agency that developed a hazard labeling system that is a diamond shaped sighn containg the United Nations hazard class number and a symbol representing the hazard | DOT - Department of Transportation
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| Which of the following practices is unsafe | Mixing bleach solutions with other types of cleaners
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| Federal law requires that hepatitis B vaccination be made available to employees assigned to duties with occupational exposure risk | Within 10 working days of assignment
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| What is the first thing a phlebotomist should do if he or she is accidentally stuck by a needle used to draw blood from a patient | Clean the site with soap and water for a least 30 seconds
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| Which of the following should be delected from a list of symptoms of stock | Slow, strong pulse rate
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| The main principles involved in radiation exposure are | Distance, time, and shielding
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| Which of the following is a role of the Joint Commission | Accreditation of healthcare facilities
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| Which of the following would be considered a nosocomial infection | A catheter sie of an ICU patient becomes infected
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| Of every 100 hospital patients in the United States, approximately how many acquire a nosocomial infection | 5
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| The free availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) for employee use in the medical laboratory is mandated by the: | OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) standard
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| Which of the following is a new recommendation that can be found in the 2010 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) | Compression-only CPR encouraged for untrained bystanders
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| The most frequently occurring laboratory acquired infection is caused by: | HBV
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| Required parts of an exposure control plan exclude: | Isolation procedure policies
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| Which class of fire occurs with combustible metals | Class D
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| What precautions are to be used for a patient who has an enteric pathogen | Contact
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| Three of the four following examples identify possible "parenteral" means of transmission. Which one would be different type of transmission | Drinking water from a glass that is contaminated
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| Which of the following is unlikely to affect a person's general susceptiblity to infection | Gender
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| An example of vector infection transmission is contracting | The plague from the bite of a rodent flea
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| A patient might be placed in protective isolation if he or she had: | Severe burns
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| What is the correct order for removing protective clothing | Glove, gown, mask
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| The substance abbreviated as HBsAg when detected in a patient's serum confirms | Hepatitis B infection
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| A radiation hazard symbol on a patient's door typically signifies a patient who: | Is being treated with raioactive isotopes
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| Which of the following is an example of a work practice control that reduces risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens | Wearing gloves to draw blood
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| These are the initials of the organization that introduced universal precautions, the precursor to standard precautions: | CDC - Center for Disease Control
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| Healthcare workers are considered immune to a disease if they: | Have had the disease and recovered from it
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| What is the best way to extinguish a flammable liquid fire | Spray it with a class B extinguisher
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| These are th einitials of the federal agency that inistiuted and enforces regulations requiring the labeling of hazardous materials: | OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration
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| Which mode of infection transmission involves transfer of an infective microbe to the mucous membranes of a susceptible individual by means of a cough or sneeze | Droplet
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| Links (components) in the chain of infection include: | An exit pathway
A reservoir
A susceptible host
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| This is the abbreviation for the organization that is specifically charged with the investigation and control of disease: | CDC - Center for Diseasae Control
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| What is the first action to take to help a patient in shock | Maintain an open airwary
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| Which of the following would be an unhealthy way to deal with stress | Make a major life change
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| A nosocomial infection is one that is: | Acquired in a healthcare worker
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| This mode of transmission involves contaminated food, water, drugs, or blood transfusions | Vehicle
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| A phlebotomist who has just been diagnosed with strep throat should be: | Off work until on an antibiotic for 24 hours and symptom free
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| The manufacturer must supply a material safety data sheet (MSDS's) for: | Isopropyl alcohol
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| Devices required by OSHA that remove BBP hazards from the workplace are called: | Engineering controls
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| Chemical manufacturers are required to supply material safety data sheets (MSDS's) for their products, if applicable, by the: | OSHA Hazard Communication Standard
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| A type of infection that can be spread from person to person is describled as: | communicable
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| Which class of fire occurs with flammable liquids: | Class B
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| The first thing to do in the event of electrical shock to a coworker or patient is to: | Shut off the lectricity source
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| The main purpose of PPE is to: | Provide the user a barrier against infection
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| The acronym used to remember the actions to take when using a fire extinguisher is: | PASS - Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep
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| Which of the following is the best action to take if a coworker's clothing is on fire: | Smother the fire with a fire blanket
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| What type of hazard is identified by the symbol in 3-3 | Biohazard
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| Which of the following bleach dilutions is recommended for cleaning the surfaces of contaminated specimen collection areas | 1:10
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| Alcohol based antiseptic hand cleaners can be used in place of hand washing if: | No dirt or organic matter is seen on the hands
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| Which of the following actions is acceptable | Unplugging a centrifuge while it is still rotation
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| Approximately how many workplace injuries and illness are related to back injuries | 20%
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| HBV in dried blood on work surfaces, equipment telephones, and other objects can survive up to: | 7 days
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| The most common chronic blood borne illness in the United States is: | HCV
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| Respirators used to enter rooms of patients with airborne diseases must be approved by the agency | NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
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