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Phlebotomy chpt. 3
Phlebotomy Chapter 3
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| Bloodborne pathogen (BBP) | Term applied to infectious microorganisms in blood or other body fluids |
| Biohazard | Short for biological hazard; anything potentially harmful to health |
| Chain of infection | A number of components or events that, when present in a series, lead to an infection |
| Engineering controls | Devices such as sharps disposal containers and needles with safety features that isolate or remove a bloodborne pathogen hazard from the workplace |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency |
| Fire tetrahedron | The latest way of looking at the chemistry of fire, in which the chemical reaction that produces fire is added as a fourth component to the traditional fire triangle components of fuel, heat, and oxygen |
| Fomites | Inanimate objects such as countertops and computer keyboards, that can harbor material containing infectious agents |
| HAI | Healthcare-associated infection |
| Hazard Communication (HazCom) Standard | The OSHA Standard that requires employers to maintain documentation on all hazardous chemicals |
| HBV | Hepatitis B virus; the virus that cause hepatitis B |
| HCV | Hepatitis C virus; the virus that cause hepatitis C |
| HICPAC | Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee |
| HIV | Human immunodeficiency virus |
| Immune | Protected from or resistant to a particular disease or infection because of the development of antibody through vaccination or recovery from the disease |
| Infectious/Causative agent | The pathogen responsible for causing an infection: also called the causataive agent |
| Isolation procedures | Procedures intended to separate patients with certain transmissible infections from contact with others |
| Microbe | Short for microorganism; a microscopic organism or one that is not visible to the naked eye |
| Neutropenic | Pertaining to an abnormally small number of neutrophils in the blood |
| NIOSH | National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
| Nosocomial infection | An infection acquired in a healthcare facility |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| Parenteral | Administration by any route other than the digestive tract |
| Pathogenic | Capable of causing disease |
| Percutaneous | Through the skin |
| Permucosal | Through mucous membranes |
| Personal Protection Equipment (PPE) | Protection clothing and other protective items worn by an individual |
| Reservoir | The source of an infectious microorganism |
| Reverse isolation | Type of isolation in which protective measures are taken to keep healthcare workers and others from transmitting infection to a pataient who is highly susceptible to infection |
| Standard precautions | Precautions made to min. the risk of infection transmission when caring for all pts regardless of their status.They apply to blood,all body fluids(including secretions/excretions except sweat,whether/not they contain visible blood)nonintact skin,mucousmem |
| Susceptibloe host | An individual who has little resistance to an infectious agent |
| Transmission-based precautions | Precautions used in addition to standard precautions for patients known or suspected to be infected or colonized with highly transmissible or epidemiologically significant pathogens |
| Vector transmission | Transmission of an infectious agent by an insect, arthropod, or animal |
| Vehicle transmission | Transmission of an infectious agent through contaminated food,water,drugs, or the transfusion of blood |
| Work Practice controls | Practices that alter the manner in which a task is performed so as to reduce the likelihood of bloodborne pathogen exposure |
| Pathogens | Microbes capbale of causing disease |
| Material safety data sheet (MSDS) | A written document containing general information as well as precautionary and emergency information for any product with a hazardous warning on the label |
| Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) | The division of the U.S. Public Health Service charaged with the investigation and control of disease with epidemic potential |
| These are the initials of the U.S. governmnet agency that mandates and enforces safe working conditions for employees | OSHA |
| The series of component that lead to infection are referred to as the: | chain of infection |
| The pathogen responsible for causing an infection is called the infectious | agent |
| The term pathogenic means: | productive of disease |
| A specimen processor removes the stopper from a tube without barrier protection and feels a mist of specimen touch his eyes. What type of exposer occurs through eye conduct | Permucosal |
| Isolation procedures are used to separate patients from contact with others if they: | have highly transmissible infections |
| Which of the following should be removed from a list of microbes | Ova |
| Which of the following is most likely to increase susceptibility to infection | Use of antibiotics |
| An individual who has little resistance to an infectious microbe is referred to as a susceptible: | host |
| MSDS (Material Safety Data Sheet) information includes: | general and emergency information |
| Transmission based precautions must be followed for patient with: | highly transmissible diseases |
| Which of the following patients would require contact precautions pending a diagnosis | A diapered patient with symptoms of infection with an enteric pathogen |
| An individual is infected with Escherichia coli (E. coli) after eating contaminated spinch. What type of infection transmission is involved | Vehicle |
| An avulsion is a: | tearing away of a body part |
| This type of precaution is required for a patient with Mycoplasma pneumonia | Droplet |
| Typical neonatal ICU infection control procedure includes: | decontaminating hands and wearing new gloves for each patient |
| What does the NFPA codeword RACE mean | Rescue, alarm, confine, extinguish |
| Which of the following statements concerning an employee's exposure to a blood borne pathogen is untrue | Source patients, if known, must be tested for HIV and HBV |
| When the chain of infection is broken, an: | infection is prevented from happening |
| The focus of infection control turned from preventing patient to patient transmission to preventing patient to personnel transmission with the introduction of this concept | Universal precautions (UP) |
| The term used to describle an infection that infects the entire body is: | systemic |
| Which type of precautions would be used for a patient who has pulmonary tuberculosis | Airborne |
| Exercise reduces stress by: | triggering the release of endorphins |
| The abbreviation for the virus that causes acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) is: | HIV - Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
| A person who has recovered from a particular virus and has developed antibodies against that virus is said to be: | immune |
| According to current first aid procedures, severe external hemorrhage can be effectively controlled by: | applying firm direct pressure to the wound |
| The main purpose of an infection control program is to: | prevent the spread of infection in the hospital |
| All pathogens are: | microbes that can cause disease |
| Which of the following diseases involve a blood borne pathogen | Hepatitis B Malaria Syphilis |
| Which of the following is part of proper handwashing procedure | Stand back so clothing does not touch the sink |
| An example of a disease requiring droplet isolation is: | pertussis |
| Class C fires involve: | electrical equipment |
| Standard precautions should be followed: | with all patients at all times |
| Hepatitis B vaccination normally involves | a first shot of vaccine, one a month later, and one 6 months after the first |
| Objects that can harbor and transmit infectious material are called: | formites |
| The HazCom Standard is also commonly called the: | Right to Know Law |
| The body organ targeted by HBV is the: | Liver |
| These are the initials of two organizations responsible for guidelines for isolation precautions in hospitals: | CDC and HICPAC |
| The primary purpose of wearing gloves during phlebotomy procedures is to protect the: | phlebotomist from exposure to the patient's blood |
| The first three components fo fire that were traditionally referred to as the fire triangle are: | fuel, oxygen, and heat |
| Which of the following would be excluded from a list of ways to help break the chain of infection | Keeping pathogen exit pathways open |
| Which of the following statements complies with electrical safety guidelines | Electrical equipment should be unplugged while being serviced |
| Which body fluid is excluded from standard precautions requirements | Sweat |
| The ability of a microorganism to survive on contaminated articles and equipment has to do with its: | viability |
| The fourth component that turns the fire triangle into a fire tetrahedron is a: | chemical reaction |
| This equipment is required when one is collecting a specimen from a patient in airborne isolation | N95 respirator |
| Most exposures to HIV in healthcare settings are the result of: | accidental needlesticks |
| The most common type of nosocomial infection in the United States is: | urinary tract infection |
| These are the initials of the organization that instituted and enforces the Bloodborne Pathogen Standard (BBP) | OSHA |
| Which of the following would be an unsafe laboratory practice | Keeping your lab coat on at all times |
| You accidentally splash a bleach solution into your eyes while preparing it for cleaning purposes. What is the first thing to do | Flush your eyes with water for a minimum of 15 minutes |
| What is the best way to clean up blood that has dripped on the arm of a phelbotomy chair | Absorb it with a gauze pad and clean the area with disinfectant |
| An example of employee screening for infection control is requiring employees to have: | PPD (or TB) testing (PPD - Purified Protein Derivative) |
| Which mode of infection transmission occurs from touching contaminated bed linens | indirect contact |
| Which of the following can be transmitted through blood tranfusion | Hepatitis viruses |
| Which of the following is required by the Blood-borne Pathogen (BBP) Standard | Wearing gloves when performing phlebotomy |
| What is the meaning of the symbol W (line through it) | Water-reactive |
| Neutropenic isolation is a type of reverse isolation used for patients with: | a low WBC count |
| What should the phlebotomist do if the outside of a patient specimen tube has blood on it | Wipe the tube with disinfectant |
| A laboratory or patient care activity that requires goggles to prevent exposure from sprays or splashes also requires this protective attire | Mask |
| A phlebotomist may be able to work without restrictions despite of having this condition | A positive PPD test - Pirquet tuberculin skin test (mantoux) |
| How many classes of fire are identified by the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) | Five Class A ordinary combustible materials Class B Flammable liquids Class C Electrical equipment Class D Combustible metals Class K Cooking oils, grease or fat |
| Which of the following is condidered the best mean of preventing nosocomial infections | Proper hand hygiene |
| The purpose of "reverse" isolation is to: | Protect susceptible patients from outside contamination |
| Which of the following could result in exposure to a blood-borne pathogen by a "percutaneous" exposure route | Drawing blood without using a needle safety device |
| In which instance could an electrical shock to a patient most likely occure | Touching some electrical equipment during a blood draw |
| The "Right to Know" law primarily deals with: | Hazard communication |
| The best course of action when entering an isolation room is to: | Follow the posted precations |
| Which one of the following diseases involves a blood-borne pathogen | Malaria |
| The degree to which a microorganism is capable of causing disease is the definition of: | Virulence |
| Anything harmful or potentially harmful to health is the definition of a: | Biohazard |
| What is the proper order for putting on protective clothing | Gown, mask, gloves |
| The blue quadrant of thge NFPA diamond shaped symbol for hazardous material indicates a: | Health hazard |
| Thes are the initials of the agency that developed a hazard labeling system that is a diamond shaped sighn containg the United Nations hazard class number and a symbol representing the hazard | DOT - Department of Transportation |
| Which of the following practices is unsafe | Mixing bleach solutions with other types of cleaners |
| Federal law requires that hepatitis B vaccination be made available to employees assigned to duties with occupational exposure risk | Within 10 working days of assignment |
| What is the first thing a phlebotomist should do if he or she is accidentally stuck by a needle used to draw blood from a patient | Clean the site with soap and water for a least 30 seconds |
| Which of the following should be delected from a list of symptoms of stock | Slow, strong pulse rate |
| The main principles involved in radiation exposure are | Distance, time, and shielding |
| Which of the following is a role of the Joint Commission | Accreditation of healthcare facilities |
| Which of the following would be considered a nosocomial infection | A catheter sie of an ICU patient becomes infected |
| Of every 100 hospital patients in the United States, approximately how many acquire a nosocomial infection | 5 |
| The free availability of personal protective equipment (PPE) for employee use in the medical laboratory is mandated by the: | OSHA Bloodborne Pathogens (BBP) standard |
| Which of the following is a new recommendation that can be found in the 2010 American Heart Association (AHA) Guidelines for Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR) and Emergency Cardiovascular Care (ECC) | Compression-only CPR encouraged for untrained bystanders |
| The most frequently occurring laboratory acquired infection is caused by: | HBV |
| Required parts of an exposure control plan exclude: | Isolation procedure policies |
| Which class of fire occurs with combustible metals | Class D |
| What precautions are to be used for a patient who has an enteric pathogen | Contact |
| Three of the four following examples identify possible "parenteral" means of transmission. Which one would be different type of transmission | Drinking water from a glass that is contaminated |
| Which of the following is unlikely to affect a person's general susceptiblity to infection | Gender |
| An example of vector infection transmission is contracting | The plague from the bite of a rodent flea |
| A patient might be placed in protective isolation if he or she had: | Severe burns |
| What is the correct order for removing protective clothing | Glove, gown, mask |
| The substance abbreviated as HBsAg when detected in a patient's serum confirms | Hepatitis B infection |
| A radiation hazard symbol on a patient's door typically signifies a patient who: | Is being treated with raioactive isotopes |
| Which of the following is an example of a work practice control that reduces risk of exposure to blood-borne pathogens | Wearing gloves to draw blood |
| These are the initials of the organization that introduced universal precautions, the precursor to standard precautions: | CDC - Center for Disease Control |
| Healthcare workers are considered immune to a disease if they: | Have had the disease and recovered from it |
| What is the best way to extinguish a flammable liquid fire | Spray it with a class B extinguisher |
| These are th einitials of the federal agency that inistiuted and enforces regulations requiring the labeling of hazardous materials: | OSHA - Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| Which mode of infection transmission involves transfer of an infective microbe to the mucous membranes of a susceptible individual by means of a cough or sneeze | Droplet |
| Links (components) in the chain of infection include: | An exit pathway A reservoir A susceptible host |
| This is the abbreviation for the organization that is specifically charged with the investigation and control of disease: | CDC - Center for Diseasae Control |
| What is the first action to take to help a patient in shock | Maintain an open airwary |
| Which of the following would be an unhealthy way to deal with stress | Make a major life change |
| A nosocomial infection is one that is: | Acquired in a healthcare worker |
| This mode of transmission involves contaminated food, water, drugs, or blood transfusions | Vehicle |
| A phlebotomist who has just been diagnosed with strep throat should be: | Off work until on an antibiotic for 24 hours and symptom free |
| The manufacturer must supply a material safety data sheet (MSDS's) for: | Isopropyl alcohol |
| Devices required by OSHA that remove BBP hazards from the workplace are called: | Engineering controls |
| Chemical manufacturers are required to supply material safety data sheets (MSDS's) for their products, if applicable, by the: | OSHA Hazard Communication Standard |
| A type of infection that can be spread from person to person is describled as: | communicable |
| Which class of fire occurs with flammable liquids: | Class B |
| The first thing to do in the event of electrical shock to a coworker or patient is to: | Shut off the lectricity source |
| The main purpose of PPE is to: | Provide the user a barrier against infection |
| The acronym used to remember the actions to take when using a fire extinguisher is: | PASS - Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep |
| Which of the following is the best action to take if a coworker's clothing is on fire: | Smother the fire with a fire blanket |
| What type of hazard is identified by the symbol in 3-3 | Biohazard |
| Which of the following bleach dilutions is recommended for cleaning the surfaces of contaminated specimen collection areas | 1:10 |
| Alcohol based antiseptic hand cleaners can be used in place of hand washing if: | No dirt or organic matter is seen on the hands |
| Which of the following actions is acceptable | Unplugging a centrifuge while it is still rotation |
| Approximately how many workplace injuries and illness are related to back injuries | 20% |
| HBV in dried blood on work surfaces, equipment telephones, and other objects can survive up to: | 7 days |
| The most common chronic blood borne illness in the United States is: | HCV |
| Respirators used to enter rooms of patients with airborne diseases must be approved by the agency | NIOSH - National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health |
Created by:
mmfleischer