Describing the atom
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| How are elements abbreviated in chemical shorthand? | The first letter is always a capital. If there is a second letter it is always lower case.
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| What is an Atom? | The basic building block of all matter.
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| What is an element? | A substance that contains only one type of Atom. A pure substance.
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| What are the three particles in an Atom? | Protons, Neutrons & Electrons.
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| What is the electrical charge of a Proton? | Positive (+)
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| Who Is credited with the discovery of the proton and electron? | J. J. Thomson
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| What is the electrical charge of a neutron? | Neutral (o)
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| What is the electrical charge of an electron? | Negative (-)
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| Who is given credit for the discovery of the neutron? | James Chadwick
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| What is the nucleus of an atom? | The center or core. The part of the atom with the most mass.
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| What particles are in the nucleus of an atom? What are they called collectively? | Protons & Neutrons. Nucleons
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| What is the meaning of the Atomic Number? | Atomic Number = # of Protons.
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| The atomic number determines the ___ of an element. | identity
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| What is the meaning of the Atomic Mass number? | The Atomic Mass number = # of Protons + # of Neutrons.
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| Where are the electrons of an atom located? | Outside of the nucleus in an electron cloud.
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| How much mass do the atomic particles have? | Protons & Neutrons contain most of the mass of the atom. The electrons are so small we cannot measure their mass. Electron mass is counted as zero.
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| What is an Isotope? | An atom that has the same number of protons, but a different number of neutrons.
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| What is an Ion? | An atom with an electric charge.
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| How does an atom gain an electrical charge? | It gains or loses one or more valence electrons.
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| How does a normal atom maintain a total neutral charge? | Equal numbers of Protons (+) and Electrons (-).
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| From the Periodic Table, how do you find the # of Neutrons in an atom? | # of Neutrons = Atomic Mass - Atomic Number. or A - Z
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| Do we know the exact location of electrons in the electron cloud? | electrons in the electron cloud? No. The exact location of electrons cannot be known for certain. We can only predict the approximate & probably location of the electrons in various shells
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| What is a Shell Energy Level? | The approximate location of electrons in the electron cloud surrounding the atomic nucleus.
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| Who "coined" the term atom? | Democritus
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| Who proved the Law of Conservation of Mass? | Antoine Lavoisier
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| State the Law of Conservation of Mass. | The Law of Conservation of Mass states that matter or mass can not be created nor destroyed in a chemical reaction.
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| Define frequency | the number of waves that pass through a given point per unit of time
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| Define wavelength | the physical distance between two successive peaks or two successive troughs. One wavelength consists of one complete crest and one complete trough
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| Define amplitude. | The maximum displacement from a base line.
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| Describe the ground state energy. | The energy closest to the nucleus with the lowest amount of energy.
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| How is electron transition like climbing the rungs on a ladder? | Electrons cannot exist between energy levels just your feet cannot exist between the rungs of a ladder. Electrons may move up or down or skip energy levels, but cannot exist in between energy levels.
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