College Science Ch 1
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| How many planets are in the solar system? | nine
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| what number planet from the sun is Earth | 3
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| what things is each planet's characteristics determined mostly by | the planet's density, composition, and distance from the sun
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| mercury, venus, earth, and mars are known as the ? | inner planets
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| the inner planets are made mostly of? | rock
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| the last five planets are known as the? | outer planets
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| the outerplanets are mostly? Except? | gases; pluto
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| pluto is a mixture of? | rock and ice
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| earth is the only planet the can? | support life
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| living things are called? | organisms
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| organisms can be found in what places on earth? | land water and air
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| the layer of land that forms Earth's surface | litosphere
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| the litosphere included? | rocks, soil and sand
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| includes all the parts of Earth that are made up of water | hydrosphere
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| the hydrosphere includes all? | oceans, lakes, rivers, underground water and clouds in the air
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| the layer of air that surrounds the Earth | atmosphere
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| what is one of the most important reasons earth can support life? | the presence of liquid water
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| water exist in the solar system but it is usually in the form of? | ice or vapor
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| on Earth liquid water in the hydrosphere ? | stores heat
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| the solar system consists of? | the suns, bodies that orbit Sun (planets, moons, and a belt of asteroids)
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| what is the order of the planets from closer to farther from the sun? | mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto
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| ______ only makes up only a small portion of the energy given off by the sun | visible light
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| every type of wave has a? | specific range of wavelengths
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| Water absorbs heat during ____ periods and releases it during the _____ periods | warm; cold
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| water on earth? | helps maintain a steady surface temp
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| many of the substances that all living things need? | dissolve in water
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| chemical reactions that take place within organisms occur in? | water
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| Air is a mixture of _____, ike ___, ____, ____ ____ | gases; nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor
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| another reason earth can support life is because of its? | atmosphere
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| the atmosphere helps keep a? | steady suface temp
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| most organisms require o2 to use? | energy
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| almost all the energy used by organisms orignally comes from? | the sun
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| the energy from the sun for the organisms travels in? | waves
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| most waves are? | invisible
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| waves in a narrow range of wavelengths, called the _____, can be seen by the human eye | visible spectrum
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| the interactions among nonliving and living parts of the earth are the subject of? (the study of earth) | ecology
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| the _____ flows to almost every part of the planet | hydrosphere
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| what are some of the most populated areas in the world? | where the litosphere and the hydrosphere meet
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| the litoshphere varies in thickness from ____ to ____ | 10 to 200 Km
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| what are the 3 main types of rock that makes up the litosphere | igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
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| how are the rocks of the litosphere classified | the way they form
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| when liquid rock cools, it solidifies to become? | igneous rock
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| under the hard, solid litoshere, earth's interior contain Hot, melted rock in _____ form | liquid
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| The lava that flows from a volcano can cool to form the ______ | igneous rock basalt
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| molten material deep within the earth can form the igneous rock ____ | granite
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| Rocks break down slowly. the tiny pieces of rock the wear off become ____ that are carried awa by ___ and ____ | sediments, wind and water
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| as layers of sediments accumulate, they become compressed and cemented into? | sedimentary rock
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| in what kind of rock are fossils usually found? | sedimentary
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| what are two examples of sedimentary rock? | limestone and sandstone
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| _____ and ____ can cause rocks to undergo changes | heat and pressure
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| rock that has been transformed by heat and pressure is called? | metamorphic rock
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| what kind of rock can form from igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks? | metamorphic rock
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| what are three examples of metamorphic rock? | marble and slate and gneiss
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| more than ___ percent of the salt in water is NaCl | 75
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| more than ___ percent of the earth;s surface is? | water
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| because of its large proportions of water, earth is sometimes called the? | water planet
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| more than ____ percent of the hydrosphere is salt water. | 97
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| where is most salt water contained? | oceans ( but there are also some salt lakes ( Great Salt Lakes))
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| about ____ grams of salt is dissolved in each ___ of ocean water | 35, liter
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| fresh water contains less dissolved ___ than salt water | salt
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| where is freshwater mostly found? | lakes, ponds, streams, underground water
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| fresh water makes up less than ____ percent of the hydrosphere | 3
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| more than ____ of the freshwater exists in ____ and ____ | 2/3, frozen glaciers and ice caps
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| ____ water supports most life on earth | fresh
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| the availability of ___ water often determines he types and numbers or organisms that an area can support | fresh
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| what two types can fresh water be divided into? | surface water and groundwater
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| what is included in surface water? | lakes, streams and rain runoff
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| what is included in groundwater? | beneath the earth's surface,
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| _____ (a type of fresh water) moves very slowly through small spaces in and between rocks. | groundwater
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| groundwater moves more easily through rock layers that are _____ | porous
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| an underground layer of porous rock that contains water is called ______ | an aquifer
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| an aquifer may reach the surface of the ground, resulting in ______ | a natural spring
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| when there is 2 layers of rock that water can't move through, pressure in the aquifer builds up from water pressure and the weight of the rock layer above the water, if a _____ is drilled her, water will flow ____ to the surface | well, freely
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| wells in which water flows to the surface due to high pressure underground are called ____ | artesian wells.
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| most of the fresh water used by people ____? | is pumped from wells drilled in aquifers.
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| water in aquifers is replenished ____? | slowly
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| many aquifers in the us are beginning to _____? | dry up
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| an envelope of gases that surrounds Earth and includes the air we breathe is the? | atmosphere
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| how many layers is the atmosphere divided into? | 4
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| what are the 4 layers of the atmosphere from the earth's surface up? | troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere
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| gases become ____ dense the farther they are from the earth's surface | less
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| the atmosphere is made up of about ___ percent N and ____ percent O. and ___ percent is ______, _____, _____ | 78, 21, 1, water vapor, dust particles, small amounts of other gases
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| how much of the air is made up of Carbon dioxide? | about 0.04 %
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| T or F: no one can say exactly where the Earth's atmosphere ends. | true
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| To obtain energy from food, most organisms use ____ and give off _____. | oxygen, carbon dioxide
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| _____ is also released into the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions and whenever fuels like wood, coal, and gasoline are burned | carbon dioxide
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| when carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases absorb, and thus trap, some of the thermal energy given off after Earth's surface is heated by sunlight is called? | the greenhouse effect
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| the layer of the atmosphere that touches the surface of Earth is called the? | troposphere
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| The troposhere extends to a height of about ___ to ___ above Earth's surface | 8 to 18 km
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| T or F: Most of the gas molecules in the atmosphere are in the troposphere. | true
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| the tropshere contains most of the ___ in the atmosphere and is the layer in which most ____ occurs | water vapor, weather
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| the ___ that carry weather across Earth are an important factor in the ____ of an area | winds, climate
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| Beyond the troposphere, reaching a height of 50 km above Earth, is the _ | stratosphere
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| The stratosphere reaches from ___ to ___? | 19 to 50 km
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| ______ disturbances that are common in the troposphere do not occur in the stratosphere. | weather
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| The ___ stratosphere contains a layer of gas called the ozone | upper
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| a form of oxygen gas containing 3 oxygen atoms per molecule. | Ozone
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| the oxygen you breathe in in the troposphere contians ___ oxygen atoms in each molecule | 2
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| ____ ____ are caused by the rotation of Earth and by temperature differences. | prevailing winds
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| the ozone layer filters out most of the ____ from the sun | uv rays
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| ___ is 1 of the many types of electromagnetic waves produced by the sun. | Ultraviolet radiation
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| True or false. Without the filter action of the ozone layer, the sun's uv radiation would destroy much is a life on earth. | true
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| The mesosphere extends up to ____ above earth's surface. | 85 kilometers
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| The mesosphere is the _____ layer of the atmosphere what temperatures as low as ______ | coldest, -100 degrees celsius
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| The _____ is the outermost layer of the atmosphere | thermosphere
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| The thermosphere experiences temperatures at high as ______, though air pressure is less than _____ of that at earth's surface | 2000 degrees celsius, 1/10000
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| _______ in 1 layer of the thermosphere are bombarded with rays from the sun | Gas molecules
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| The rays that bombard with the gas molecules cause the gas molecules to ______ and they become _____ | lose electrons, ions
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| The layer of the thermosphere with the ions is called the _____ | ionosphere
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| When gas molecules interact with ______, _____ is given off. this process occurs most in the poles resulting in an _____. | free electrons,light, aurora
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| An aurora borealis the occurs in the thermosphere of the ______ hemisphere | Northern
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| In aurora australis occurs in the _______ hemisphere | Southern
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| True or false. Together the parts of the lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere when life exists make up the biosphere. | true
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| All the parts of earth that support and contain life. | Biosphere
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| The biosphere reaches from where to where? | the floor of the ocean to the top of the highest mountain.
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| The biosphere is a layer blanketing the earth about _____ thick | 20 kilometers
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| Although the biosphere is 20 kilometers thick most organisms live in a _____ range | narrower
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| Why is life rare deep below the surface of the ocean? | the pressure is so high and very little food is available
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| Why do a few organism live atop the tallest mountain? | Air pressure is too low and temperatures are too cold
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| Most live on earth exist between _____ below the surface of the ocean and about _____ above sea level. | 500 meters, 6 kilometers
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| All organisms obtain the materials they need to live from the ____ | biosphere
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| Although individual organisms may live mostly on land, water or in the air, all organisms depend on materials from ____ | each of these 3 areas on earth.
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| True or false. organisms find the energy they need in many different parts of the biosphere. | true
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| Most energy originate from ____ | sunlight
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| Animals obtain most of their energy by ____ | eating plants and other animals
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| Energy constantly flows into the biosphere as ___, flows through ___ in the environment, and eventually flows out of the biosphere as ____ and is lost to space | sunlight, organisms, heat
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| Are organisms affected by changes in the biosphere? | yes
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| Can organisms cause changes to occur in the environment? | yes
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| Because organisms affect the environment and changes in the environment affect organisms the biosphere is a very complex network of ______ | interactions
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| Rocks and soil anchor the tree and contain important _____ and _____ | minerals and nutrients
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| the leaves of the tree absorb ____ from the atmosphere and release ____ and ______ | CO2, oxygen and water vapor
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| the tree absorbs groundwater with its ____ and transports the water to the ____ | roots, leaves
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Review the information in the table. When you are ready to quiz yourself you can hide individual columns or the entire table. Then you can click on the empty cells to reveal the answer. Try to recall what will be displayed before clicking the empty cell.
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To hide a column, click on the column name.
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You may also shuffle the rows of the table by clicking on the "Shuffle" button.
Or sort by any of the columns using the down arrow next to any column heading.
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