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College Science Ch 1
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| How many planets are in the solar system? | nine |
| what number planet from the sun is Earth | 3 |
| what things is each planet's characteristics determined mostly by | the planet's density, composition, and distance from the sun |
| mercury, venus, earth, and mars are known as the ? | inner planets |
| the inner planets are made mostly of? | rock |
| the last five planets are known as the? | outer planets |
| the outerplanets are mostly? Except? | gases; pluto |
| pluto is a mixture of? | rock and ice |
| earth is the only planet the can? | support life |
| living things are called? | organisms |
| organisms can be found in what places on earth? | land water and air |
| the layer of land that forms Earth's surface | litosphere |
| the litosphere included? | rocks, soil and sand |
| includes all the parts of Earth that are made up of water | hydrosphere |
| the hydrosphere includes all? | oceans, lakes, rivers, underground water and clouds in the air |
| the layer of air that surrounds the Earth | atmosphere |
| what is one of the most important reasons earth can support life? | the presence of liquid water |
| water exist in the solar system but it is usually in the form of? | ice or vapor |
| on Earth liquid water in the hydrosphere ? | stores heat |
| the solar system consists of? | the suns, bodies that orbit Sun (planets, moons, and a belt of asteroids) |
| what is the order of the planets from closer to farther from the sun? | mercury, venus, earth, mars, jupiter, saturn, uranus, neptune, pluto |
| ______ only makes up only a small portion of the energy given off by the sun | visible light |
| every type of wave has a? | specific range of wavelengths |
| Water absorbs heat during ____ periods and releases it during the _____ periods | warm; cold |
| water on earth? | helps maintain a steady surface temp |
| many of the substances that all living things need? | dissolve in water |
| chemical reactions that take place within organisms occur in? | water |
| Air is a mixture of _____, ike ___, ____, ____ ____ | gases; nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, water vapor |
| another reason earth can support life is because of its? | atmosphere |
| the atmosphere helps keep a? | steady suface temp |
| most organisms require o2 to use? | energy |
| almost all the energy used by organisms orignally comes from? | the sun |
| the energy from the sun for the organisms travels in? | waves |
| most waves are? | invisible |
| waves in a narrow range of wavelengths, called the _____, can be seen by the human eye | visible spectrum |
| the interactions among nonliving and living parts of the earth are the subject of? (the study of earth) | ecology |
| the _____ flows to almost every part of the planet | hydrosphere |
| what are some of the most populated areas in the world? | where the litosphere and the hydrosphere meet |
| the litoshphere varies in thickness from ____ to ____ | 10 to 200 Km |
| what are the 3 main types of rock that makes up the litosphere | igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic |
| how are the rocks of the litosphere classified | the way they form |
| when liquid rock cools, it solidifies to become? | igneous rock |
| under the hard, solid litoshere, earth's interior contain Hot, melted rock in _____ form | liquid |
| The lava that flows from a volcano can cool to form the ______ | igneous rock basalt |
| molten material deep within the earth can form the igneous rock ____ | granite |
| Rocks break down slowly. the tiny pieces of rock the wear off become ____ that are carried awa by ___ and ____ | sediments, wind and water |
| as layers of sediments accumulate, they become compressed and cemented into? | sedimentary rock |
| in what kind of rock are fossils usually found? | sedimentary |
| what are two examples of sedimentary rock? | limestone and sandstone |
| _____ and ____ can cause rocks to undergo changes | heat and pressure |
| rock that has been transformed by heat and pressure is called? | metamorphic rock |
| what kind of rock can form from igneous, sedimentary or metamorphic rocks? | metamorphic rock |
| what are three examples of metamorphic rock? | marble and slate and gneiss |
| more than ___ percent of the salt in water is NaCl | 75 |
| more than ___ percent of the earth;s surface is? | water |
| because of its large proportions of water, earth is sometimes called the? | water planet |
| more than ____ percent of the hydrosphere is salt water. | 97 |
| where is most salt water contained? | oceans ( but there are also some salt lakes ( Great Salt Lakes)) |
| about ____ grams of salt is dissolved in each ___ of ocean water | 35, liter |
| fresh water contains less dissolved ___ than salt water | salt |
| where is freshwater mostly found? | lakes, ponds, streams, underground water |
| fresh water makes up less than ____ percent of the hydrosphere | 3 |
| more than ____ of the freshwater exists in ____ and ____ | 2/3, frozen glaciers and ice caps |
| ____ water supports most life on earth | fresh |
| the availability of ___ water often determines he types and numbers or organisms that an area can support | fresh |
| what two types can fresh water be divided into? | surface water and groundwater |
| what is included in surface water? | lakes, streams and rain runoff |
| what is included in groundwater? | beneath the earth's surface, |
| _____ (a type of fresh water) moves very slowly through small spaces in and between rocks. | groundwater |
| groundwater moves more easily through rock layers that are _____ | porous |
| an underground layer of porous rock that contains water is called ______ | an aquifer |
| an aquifer may reach the surface of the ground, resulting in ______ | a natural spring |
| when there is 2 layers of rock that water can't move through, pressure in the aquifer builds up from water pressure and the weight of the rock layer above the water, if a _____ is drilled her, water will flow ____ to the surface | well, freely |
| wells in which water flows to the surface due to high pressure underground are called ____ | artesian wells. |
| most of the fresh water used by people ____? | is pumped from wells drilled in aquifers. |
| water in aquifers is replenished ____? | slowly |
| many aquifers in the us are beginning to _____? | dry up |
| an envelope of gases that surrounds Earth and includes the air we breathe is the? | atmosphere |
| how many layers is the atmosphere divided into? | 4 |
| what are the 4 layers of the atmosphere from the earth's surface up? | troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere |
| gases become ____ dense the farther they are from the earth's surface | less |
| the atmosphere is made up of about ___ percent N and ____ percent O. and ___ percent is ______, _____, _____ | 78, 21, 1, water vapor, dust particles, small amounts of other gases |
| how much of the air is made up of Carbon dioxide? | about 0.04 % |
| T or F: no one can say exactly where the Earth's atmosphere ends. | true |
| To obtain energy from food, most organisms use ____ and give off _____. | oxygen, carbon dioxide |
| _____ is also released into the atmosphere by volcanic eruptions and whenever fuels like wood, coal, and gasoline are burned | carbon dioxide |
| when carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases absorb, and thus trap, some of the thermal energy given off after Earth's surface is heated by sunlight is called? | the greenhouse effect |
| the layer of the atmosphere that touches the surface of Earth is called the? | troposphere |
| The troposhere extends to a height of about ___ to ___ above Earth's surface | 8 to 18 km |
| T or F: Most of the gas molecules in the atmosphere are in the troposphere. | true |
| the tropshere contains most of the ___ in the atmosphere and is the layer in which most ____ occurs | water vapor, weather |
| the ___ that carry weather across Earth are an important factor in the ____ of an area | winds, climate |
| Beyond the troposphere, reaching a height of 50 km above Earth, is the _ | stratosphere |
| The stratosphere reaches from ___ to ___? | 19 to 50 km |
| ______ disturbances that are common in the troposphere do not occur in the stratosphere. | weather |
| The ___ stratosphere contains a layer of gas called the ozone | upper |
| a form of oxygen gas containing 3 oxygen atoms per molecule. | Ozone |
| the oxygen you breathe in in the troposphere contians ___ oxygen atoms in each molecule | 2 |
| ____ ____ are caused by the rotation of Earth and by temperature differences. | prevailing winds |
| the ozone layer filters out most of the ____ from the sun | uv rays |
| ___ is 1 of the many types of electromagnetic waves produced by the sun. | Ultraviolet radiation |
| True or false. Without the filter action of the ozone layer, the sun's uv radiation would destroy much is a life on earth. | true |
| The mesosphere extends up to ____ above earth's surface. | 85 kilometers |
| The mesosphere is the _____ layer of the atmosphere what temperatures as low as ______ | coldest, -100 degrees celsius |
| The _____ is the outermost layer of the atmosphere | thermosphere |
| The thermosphere experiences temperatures at high as ______, though air pressure is less than _____ of that at earth's surface | 2000 degrees celsius, 1/10000 |
| _______ in 1 layer of the thermosphere are bombarded with rays from the sun | Gas molecules |
| The rays that bombard with the gas molecules cause the gas molecules to ______ and they become _____ | lose electrons, ions |
| The layer of the thermosphere with the ions is called the _____ | ionosphere |
| When gas molecules interact with ______, _____ is given off. this process occurs most in the poles resulting in an _____. | free electrons,light, aurora |
| An aurora borealis the occurs in the thermosphere of the ______ hemisphere | Northern |
| In aurora australis occurs in the _______ hemisphere | Southern |
| True or false. Together the parts of the lithosphere hydrosphere and atmosphere when life exists make up the biosphere. | true |
| All the parts of earth that support and contain life. | Biosphere |
| The biosphere reaches from where to where? | the floor of the ocean to the top of the highest mountain. |
| The biosphere is a layer blanketing the earth about _____ thick | 20 kilometers |
| Although the biosphere is 20 kilometers thick most organisms live in a _____ range | narrower |
| Why is life rare deep below the surface of the ocean? | the pressure is so high and very little food is available |
| Why do a few organism live atop the tallest mountain? | Air pressure is too low and temperatures are too cold |
| Most live on earth exist between _____ below the surface of the ocean and about _____ above sea level. | 500 meters, 6 kilometers |
| All organisms obtain the materials they need to live from the ____ | biosphere |
| Although individual organisms may live mostly on land, water or in the air, all organisms depend on materials from ____ | each of these 3 areas on earth. |
| True or false. organisms find the energy they need in many different parts of the biosphere. | true |
| Most energy originate from ____ | sunlight |
| Animals obtain most of their energy by ____ | eating plants and other animals |
| Energy constantly flows into the biosphere as ___, flows through ___ in the environment, and eventually flows out of the biosphere as ____ and is lost to space | sunlight, organisms, heat |
| Are organisms affected by changes in the biosphere? | yes |
| Can organisms cause changes to occur in the environment? | yes |
| Because organisms affect the environment and changes in the environment affect organisms the biosphere is a very complex network of ______ | interactions |
| Rocks and soil anchor the tree and contain important _____ and _____ | minerals and nutrients |
| the leaves of the tree absorb ____ from the atmosphere and release ____ and ______ | CO2, oxygen and water vapor |
| the tree absorbs groundwater with its ____ and transports the water to the ____ | roots, leaves |
Created by:
kittybroad