Chapter 8- Research Validity
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| How is the validity of a piece of research defined? | The extent to which the conclusions of that research are believable and useful.
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| What are the four types of validity? | Internal validity, construct validity, external validity, and statistical conclusion validity
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| How is internal validity defined? | the extent to which the results of a study demonstrate that a causal relationship exists between the IV and DV.
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| What is considered the best way to control threats to internal validity? | the classical randomized controlled trial, with random assignments to experimental and control groups
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| What general strategy do researchers use to increase internal validity? | maximize their control over all aspects of the research project
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| What are some of the threats to internal validity? | History, maturation, testing, instrumentation, statistical regression to the mean, assignment (subject selected), subject attrition, interactions between assignment and maturation, history, or instrumentation, diffusion or imitation of treatments
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| With what is construct validity concerned? | the meaning of variables within a study
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| What are some of the threats to construct validity? | construct underrepresentation, experimenter expectancies, interaction between different treatments, interaction between testing and treatment
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| With what is external validity concerned? | to whom, in what settings, and at what times the results of research can be generalized
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| What are some of the threats to external validity? | selection, setting, time
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| How is external validity increased in single-subject research? | through replication
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| What are 'cumulative relationships' in regards to the relationships among types of validity? | a change that influences one of the threats influences other threats in the same way
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| What are 'reciprocal threats' in regards to the relationships among types of validity? | when controlling a threat to one type of validity leads to realization of a different threat to validity
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