CH 1
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| PSYCHOLOGY | IS THE SYSTEMATIC, SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF BEHAVIORS AND MENTAL PROCESSES.
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| DESCRIBE PSYCHOLOGY | THE FIRST GOAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IS TO DESCRIBE THE DIFFERENT WAYS THAT ORGANISMS BEHAVE.
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| EXPLAIN PSYCHOLOGY | THE SECOND GOAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IS TO EXPLAIN THE CAUSES OF BEHAVIOR.
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| PREDICT PSYCHOLOGY | THE THIRD GOAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IS TO PREDICT HOW ORGANISMS WILL BEHAVE IN CERTAIN SITUATIONS.
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| CONTROL PSYCHOLOGY | FOR SOME PSYCHOLOGISTS, THE FOURTH GOAL OF PSYCHOLOGY IS TO CONTROL AN ORGANISMS'S BEHAVIOR
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| 1 BIOLOGICAL APPROACH | FOCUSUS ON HOW OUR GENES, HORMONES, AND NERVOUS SYSTEM INTERACT WITH OUR ENVIRONMENTS TO INFLUENCE LEARNING, PERSONALITY, MEMORY, MOTIVATION, EMOTIONS, AND COPING TECHNIQUES.
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| 2 COGNITIVE APPROACH | EXAMINES HOW WE PROCESS, STORE, AND USE INFORMATION AND HOW THIS INFORMATION INFLUENCES WHAT WE ATTEND TO, PERCEIVE, LEARN, REMEMBER, BELIEVE, AND FEEL.
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| 3 BEHAVIORAL APPROACH | STUDIES HOW ORGANISMS LEARN NEW BEHAVIORS OR MODIFY EXISTING ONES, DEPENDING ON WHETHER EVENTS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENTS REWARD OR PUNISH THESE BEHAVIORS.
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| 4 PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH | STRESSES THE INFLUENCE OF UNCONSCIOUS FEARS, DESIRES, AND MOTIVATIONS ON THOUGHTS, BEHAVIORS, AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF PERSONALITY TRAITS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS LATER IN LIFE.
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| 5 HUMANISTIC APPROACH | EMPHASIZES THAT EACH INDIVIDUAL HAS GREAT FREEDOM IN DIRECTING HIS OR HER FUTURE, A LARGE CAPACITY FOR PERSONAL GROWTH, A CONSIDERABLE AMOUNT OF INTRINSIC WORTH, AND ENORMOUS POTENTIAL FOR SELF-FULFILLMENT.
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| 7 EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH | STUDIES HOW EVOLUTIONARY IDEAS, SUCH AS ADAPTATION AND NATURAL SELECTION, EXPLAIN HUMAN BEHAVIORS AND MENTAL PROCESSES.
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| BIOLOGICAL APPROACH | EXAMINES HOW OUR GENES, HORMONES, AND NERVOUS SYSTEM INTERACT WITH OUR ENVIRONMENTS TO INFLUENCE LEARNING, PERSONALITY, MEMORY MOTIVATION, EMOTIONS, AND OTHER TRAITS AND ABILITIES.
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| COGNITIVE APPROACH | FOCUSES ON HOW WE PROCESS, STORE, AND USE INFORMATION AND HOW THIS INFORMATION INFLUENCES WHAT WE ATTEND TO, PERCEIVE, LEARN, REMEMBER, BELIEVE, AND FEEL.
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| BEHAVIORAL APPROACH | ANALYZES HOW ORGANISMS LEARN NEW BEHAVIORS OR MODIFY EXISTING ONES, DEPENDING ON WHETHER EVENTS IN THEIR ENVIRONMENTS REWARD OR PUNISH THESE BEHAVIORS.
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| SKINNER'S IDEAS | STRESS THE STUDY OF OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS, THE IMPORTANCE OF ENVIRONMENTAL REINFORCERS, AND THE EXCLUSION OF MENTAL PROCESSES.
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| BANDURA'S SOCIAL COGNITIVE APPROACH | BEHAVIORS ARE INFLUENCED NOT ONLY BY ENVIRONMENTAL EVENTS AND REINFORCERS BUT ALSO BY OBSERVATION, IMITAION, AND THOUGHT PROCESSES.
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| PSYCHOANALYTIC APPROACH | IS BASED ON THE BELIEF THAT CHILDHOOD EXPERIENCES GREATLY INFLUENCE THE DEVELOPMENT OF LATER PERSONALITY TRAITS AND PSYCHOLOGICAL PROBLEMS.
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| SIGMUND FREUD IDEA | THAT THE FIRST FIVE YEARS HAVE A PROFOUND EFFECT ON LATER PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT.
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| 6 CROSS-CULTURAL APPROACH | EXAMINES THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL AND ETHNIC SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES ON THE PSYCHOLOGICAL AND SOCIAL FUNCTIONING OF A CULTURE'S MEMBERS.
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| WILHELM WUNDT | ESTABLISHED THE FIRST PSYCHOLOGY LABORATORY IN 1879, IN LEIPZIG, GERMANY.
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| STRUCTURALISM/ WILHELM WUNDT | WAS THE STUDY OF THE MOST BASIC ELEMENTS, PRIMARILY SENSATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS, THAT MAKE UP OUR CONSCIOUS MENTAL EXPERIENCES.
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| INTROSPECTION/WILHELM WUNDT | WAS A METHOD OF EXPLORING CONSCIOUS MENTAL PROCESSES BY ASKING SUBJECTS TO LOOK INWARD AND REPORT THEIR SENSATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS.
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| FUNCTIONALISM/ WILLIAM JAMES (US) | WHICH WAS THE STUDY OF THE FUNCTION RATHER THAN THE STRUCTURE OF CONSCIOUSNESS, WAS INTERESTED IN HOW OUR MINDS ADAPT TO OUR CHANGING ENVIRONMENT.
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| GESTALT APPROACH | EMPHASIZES THAT PERCEPTION IS MORE THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS AND STUDIED HOW SENSATIONS ARE ASSEMBLED INTO MEANINGFUL PERCEPTUAL EXPERIENCES.
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| GESTALT MEANS/ MAX WERTHEIMER | WHOLE PATTERN
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| JOHN B. WATSON | WHOSE GOAL SHOULD BE THE ANALYSIS OF OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS
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| BEHAVIORAL APPROACH/ JOHN B. WATSON | EMPHASIZED THE OBJECTIVE, SCIENTIFIC ANALYSIS OF OBSERVABLE BEHAVIORS.
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| MARY CALKINS | WAS NOT GIVEN A PHD BECAUSE SHE WAS A WOMAN.
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| INEZ PROSSER | WAS THE FIRST BLACK WOMAN TO GET A PHD IN 1933.
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| GEORGE SANCHEZ | FOUND INTELLIGENCE TESTS WERE CULTURALLY BIASED.
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| SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY | INVOLVES THE STUDY OF SOCIAL INTERACTIONS, STEREOTYPES, PREJUDICES, ATTITUTEDS, CONFORMITY, GROUP BEHAVIORS, AGGRESSION, AND ATTRACTION.
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| SOMETHING A SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGIST MIGHT STUDY... | FAINTING AND THE REACTION OF OTHER PEOPLE.
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| DEVELOPMENTAL PSCHOLOGY | EXAMINES MORAL, SOCIAL, EMOTIONAL, AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT THROUGHOUT A PERSON'S ENTIRE LIFE.
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| SOMETHING A DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGIST MIGHT STUDY... | CHANGES IN SELF ESTEEM THROUGH THE LIFE SPAN.
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| EXPERIMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY | INCLUDES THE AREAS OF SENSATION, PERCEPTION, LEARNING, HUMAN PERFORMANCE, MOTIVATION, AND EMOTION.
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| COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGY | INVOLVES HOW WE PROCESS, STORE AND RETRIEVE INFORMATION AND HOW COGNITIVE PROCESSES INFLUENCE OUR BEHAVIORS.
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| SOMETHING A COGNITIVE PSYCHOLOGIST MIGHT STUDY... | IS ARTIFICIAL INELEGANCE.
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| OF THE THREE WHICH RESEARCH METHOD IS BEST? | SURVEY
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| SURVEY | IS THE WAY TO OBTAIN INFORMATION BY ASKING MANY INDIVIDUALS EITHER PERSON TO PERSON, BY TELEPHONE, OR BY MAIL TO ANSWER A FIXED SET OF QUESTIONS ABOUT PARTICULAR SUBJECTS.
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| CASE STUDY | IS AN IN DEPTH ANALYSIS OF THE THOUGHTS, FEELINGS, BELIEFS, EXPERIENCES, BEHAVIORS, OR PROBLEMS OF A SINGLE INDIVIDUAL.
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| EXPERIMENT | IS A METHOD FOR IDENTIFYING CAUSE AND EFFECT RELATIONSHIPS BY FOLLOWING A SET OF RULES AND GUIDELINES THAT MINIMIZE THE POSSIBILITY OF ERROR, BIAS, AND CHANCE OCCURRENCES.
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| HOW CAN SURVEYS BE BIASED? | BY HOW QUESTIONS ARE WORDED AND BY INTERVIEWING A GROUP OF PEOPLE WHO DO NOT REPRESENT THE GENERAL POPULATION.
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| PLACEBO EFFECT | IS A CHANGE IN THE PATIENTS ILLNESS THAT IS ATTRIBUTABLE TO AN IMAGINED TREATMENT RATHER THAN TO A MEDICAL TREATMENT.
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| POSITIVE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT | INDICATES THAT AS ONE EVENT TENDS TO INCREASE, THE SECOND EVENT TENDS TO BUT DOES NOT ALWAYS INCREASE.
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| NEGATIVE CORRELATION COEFFICIENT | INDICATES THAT AS ONE EVENT TENDS TO INCREASE, THE SECOND EVENT TENDS TO BUT DOES NOT ALWAYS DECREASE.
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| WHAT IS THE ONLY TYPE OF RESEARCH THAT CAN ESTABLISH CAUSE AND EFFECT? | AN EXPERIMENT
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| NATURALISTIC SETTING | IS A RELATIVELY NORMAL ENVIRONMENT IN WHICH RESEARCHERS GATHER INFORMATION BY OBSERVING INDIVIDUALS BEHAVIORS WITHOUT ATTEMPTING TO CHANGE OR CONTROL THE SITUATION.
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| LABORATORY SETTING | INVOLVES STUDYING INDIVIDUALS UNDER SYSTEMATIC AND CONTROLLED CONDITIONS, WITH MANY OF THE REAL WORLD INFLUENCES ELIMINATED.
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| LABORATORY EXPERIMENT | IS A TECHNIQUE TO GATHER INFORMATION ABOUT A BRAIN, GENES, OR BEHAVIOR WITH THE LEAST ERROR AND BIAS BY USING A CONTROLLED ENVIRONMENT THAT ALLOWS CAREFUL OBSERVATION AND MEASUREMENT.
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| STANDARDIZED TEST | WHICH MEANS THAT THE TEST HAS BEEN GIVEN TO HUNDREDS OF PEOPLE AND SHOWN TO RELIABLY MEASURE THOUGHT PATTERNS, PERSONALITY TRAITS AND EMOTIONS, OR BEHAVIORS.
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| HYPOTHESIS | IS AN EDUCATED GUESS
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| INDEPENDENT VARIABLE | MANIPULATES
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| DEPENDENT VARIABLE | MEASURE
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| EXPERIMENTAL GROUP | IS COMPOSED OF THOSE WHO RECEIVE THE TREATMENT.
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| CONTROL GROUP | CONTROL PARTICIPANTS DO NOT RECEIVE THE TREATMENT.
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| DOUBLE BLIND PROCEDURE | MEANS NEITHER PARTICIPANTS NOR RESEARCHERS KNOW WHICH GROUP IS RECEIVING WHICH TREATMENT..
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