General Vocabulary Review
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| element | substance that cannot be broken down by chemical or physical means
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| compound | pure substance with more than one element
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| empirical formula | simplest whole number ratio of particles in a substance
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| molecular formula | actual number of atoms of each element in a compound
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| Avogadro's constant/number | 6.02 x 10^23 particles
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| molar mass | the mass of one mole of any substance
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| atomic mass | weighted average of all naturally occurring isotopes of a substance
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| volume | the measure of the amount of space an object takes up; its size
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| mass | the amount of matter in an object
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| inertia | tendency of an object to resist being moved
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| physical property | characteristic of an object (can be observed without changing the object)
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| chemical property | describes a substance's ability to react
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| physical change | a change that does not involve changing the chemical properties
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| chemical change | a change that occurs when one or more substances change to new substances with different properties
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| proton | positively-charged part of the atom
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| electron | negatively-charged part of the atom
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| neutron | a neutral particle in the atom
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| atomic number | the number of protons in an atom
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| mass number | the number of protons plus neutrons in an atom
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| isotope | any form of an element with the same number of protons but different number of neutrons
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| molar mass | the mass in grams of 1 mole of a substance
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| ion | a charged particle
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| cation | a positively-charged particle
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| anion | a negatively-charged particle
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| group | column (up & down) of the periodic table
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| mole | metric unit for an amount of substance
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| boiling point | temperature at which the upward vapor pressure equals the downward atmospheric pressure
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| synthesis reaction | X + Y forms XY
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| decomposition reaction | XY breaks into X + Y
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| single replacement | X + YZ changes to Y + XZ
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| double replacement | XA + YB changes to XB + YA
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| endothermic reaction | reaction which requires an input of heat
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| exothermic reaction | reaction that gives off heat
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| reactant | a beginning substance in a reaction (left of the arrow)
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| product | a resulting substance in a reaction (right of the arrow)
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| oxidation | an element loses electrons (becomes more positive)
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| reduction | an element gains electrons
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| LEO goes GER | lose electrons oxidation; gains electrons reduction
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| activation energy | minimum amount of energy needed to start a chemical reaction
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| catalyst | a substance that speeds a chemical reaction by lowering the activation energy
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| heat | equals kinetic energy
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| acid | donates H+
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| base | donates OH-
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| pH | a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration
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| indicator | a compound that shows different colors depending on the pH of its surroundings
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| dissociation | splitting of a compound into its ions in water
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| thermal expansion | a change in volume resulting from temperature change
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| hydrogen bond | a very strong bond between hydrogen and N, O, F (H2O, HF, HN)
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| Boyle's Law | Volume of gas in inversely proportional to pressure (if the temperature and moles are constant)
P1 x V1 = P2 x V2
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| Charles's Law | Volume of gas is directly proportional to Kelvin temperature (if pressure and moles are constant)
V1/T1 = V2/T2
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| Combined Gas Law | P1 x V1/T1 = P2 x V2/T2
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| Ideal Gas Law | PV = nRT (R = 0.0821 for atm)
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| equilibrium | In a reaction, products form reactants at the same rate that reactants for products. In phase change, the change happens in two directions at the same rate (gas to liquid and liquid to gas)
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