Physics- definitions
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| numbers that have magnitude and direction | vectors
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| numbers that have magnitude only | scalars
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| log(y)=x easier way to write.. | 10^x=y
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| a-b=a+(-b) ; formula for doing what? | subtracting vectors
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| ratio of the displacement vector over the change in time | velocity
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| ratio of the total distance traveled over the change in time | average speed
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| motion that follows a path along two dimensions | projectile motion
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| measure of a bodys inertia | mass
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| measure of a gravitational force on an objects mass | weight
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| the rate of change of velocity that an object experiences as a result of some applied force | acceleration
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| measure of gravitational force on an objects mass | weight
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| rate of change of velocity that na object experiences as a result of some applied force | acceleration
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| attractive force felt by all forms of matter | gravity
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| occurs when forces cause an object to move without any rotation about a fixed point in the object | translational motion
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| occurs when forces are applied against an object in such a way as to cause the object to rotate around a fixed pivot point | rotational motion
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| occurs when forces cause an object to move in a circular pathway | circular motion
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| generates centripetal acceleration | centripetal force
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| a kind of force that works to oppose the movement of objects | friction
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| a type of friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface upon which it rests | static
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| a type of friction that exists between a sliding object and the surface over which the object slides | kinetic
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| occurs when the vector sum of the forces or torques acting on an object is zero | mechanical equilibrium
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| exists when the vector sum of all of the forces acting on an object is zero | translational equilibrium
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| an attractive force that is felt by all forms of matter | gravity
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| occurs when forces cause an object to move without any rotation about a fixed point in the object | translational motion
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| occurs when forces are applied against an object in such a way as to cause the object to rotate around a fixed pivot point | rotational motion
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| occurs when forces cause an object to move in a circular pathway | circular motion
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| circular motion in which the speed of the moving object changes over the course of the path | nonuniform circular motion
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| a kind of force that works to oppose the movement of objects | friction
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| friction that exists between a stationary object and the surface upon which it rests | static friction
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| friction that exists between a sliding object and the surface over which the object slides | kinetic friction
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| occurs when the vector sum of the forces of torques acting on an object is zero | mechanical equilibrium
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| exists when the vector sum of all of the forces acting on an object is zero | translational equilibrium
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| exists only when the vector sum of all the torques acting on an object is zero | rotational equilibrium
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| change in momentum | impulse
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| a property or characteristic of a system to do something or make something happen | energy
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| an object has this when it has the potential to do something | potential energy
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| energy found in covalent and ionic bonds holding atoms together, for example | chemical potential energy
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| energy found in a compressed spring, for example | mechanical potential energy
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| a process by which energy is transferred from one system to another | work
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| the rate at which energy is transferred from one system to another | power
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| the product of an objects mass and velocity | momentum
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| the tendency of objects to resist changes in their motion and momentum | inertia
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| a collision that results in the production of light, heat, sound, or object deformation | inelastic collision
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| collision in which the objects that collide stick together rather than bouncing off each other | completely inelastic collision
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| any device that allows for work to be accomplished through a reduced applied force provides this | mechanical advantage
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| a measure of the amount of work you put into a system that comes out as useful work | efficiency
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| the weight of an object being lifted is called what | the load
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| the point within any two or three dimensional object at which the entire object's mass could be represented as a single particle | center of mass
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| the point at which the entire force due to gravity can be thought of as acting | center of gravity
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| states that when net work is done on or by a system, the system's kinetic energy will change by the same amount | work-energy theorem
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| objects are in thermal equilibrium when they are at the same temperature | zeroth law
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| theoretical temperature at which there is no thermal energy | absolute zero
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| phenomenon that a change in the temperature of most solids results in a change in their length | thermal expansion
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| thermal expansion for liquids | volume expansion
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| the process by which a quantity of energy is transferred between two objects as a result of a difference in temperature | heat
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| the direct transfer of energy from molecule to molecule through molecular collisions | conduction
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| the transfer of heat by the physical motion of the heated material | convection
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| the transfer of energy by electromagnetic waves | radiation
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| the amount of heat energy required to raise 1 kg of a substance by 1 K | specific heat
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| phase change from liquid to solid | freezing
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| phase change from solid to liquid | melting or fusion
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| temperature corresponding to the heat of transformation between liquid and solid | heat of fusion
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| phase change from liquid to gas | vaporization
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| phase change from gas to liquid | condensation
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| temperature corresponding to the heat of transformation between gas and liquid | heat of vaporization
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| phase change from solid to gas | sublimation
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| phase change from gas to solid | deposition
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| process under which pressure is held constant | isobaric
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| process where volume is held constant | isovolumetric or isochoric
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| process where there is no heat exchange | adiabatic
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| process where the internal energy is constant | closed cycle or isothermal
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| the measure of the spontaneous dispersal of energy at a specific temperature | entropy
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| a process that will happen in nature when a system is left to its own accord | natural
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| a process that won't happen in nature | unnatural
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| has the ability to flow and conform the the shape of its container | fluid
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| the ratio of the density of a substance to that of pure water at 1 atm, 4 degrees Celsius | specific gravity
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| the total pressure that is exerted on an object that is submerged in a fluid | absolute pressure
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| the difference between absolute and atmospheric pressure | gauge pressure
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| the study of fluids at rest and the forces and pressures associated with standing fluids | hydrostatics
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| principle that for incompressible fluids, a change of pressure applied to an enclosed fluid will be transmitted undiminished to every portion of the fluid and to the walls of the containing vessel | pascal's principle
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| take advantage of incompressiblity of liquids to generate mechanical advantage | hydraulic systems
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| causes the liquid surface to form a thin but strong layer | surface tension
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| the attractive force that a molecule of liquid feels toward other molecules of the liquid | cohesion
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| the attractive force that a molecule of the liquid feels toward the molecules of some other substance | adhesion
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| the study of fluids in motion | hydrodynamics
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| the resistance of a fluid to flow | viscosity
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| fluids with no viscosity | ideal fluids
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| flow that is smooth and orderly | laminar flow
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| flow that is rough and disorderly | turbulent flow
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| thin layer of fluid adjacent to the wall | boundary layer
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| representations of the molecular movement | streamlines
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| tells us that fluids will flow more quickly through narrow passages and more slowly through wider ones | continuity equation
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| pressure associated with the movement of fluid | dynamic pressure
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| a phase that is rigid enough to retain its shape and can withstand tangential forces | solid
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| a measure of the response of a solid to an application of pressure | elasticity
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| the change in length, volume, or lateral displacement that an object may experience due to pressure | shear
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| applied pressure | stress
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| change in length per unit length | strain for youngs modulus
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| point of shape change beyond which a material will not return to its original dimensions | yield strength
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| the point of shape change beyond which the object will rupture | ultimate strength
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| ratio of the lateral movement per unit height | strain for shear modulus
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| indicates the degree to which a material will experience a change in its volume in relation to an applied pressure | bulk modulus
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| principle that states that the volume of fluid displaces by an object placed in it will generate a buoyant force against the object that is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced | archimedes' principle
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| the study of stationary charges and the forces that are created by and act upon these charges | electrostatics
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| represent how a positive test charge would m ove in the presence of a source charge | field lines or lines of force
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| a form of potential energy that is related to the relative position of one charge with respect to another charge or to a collection of charges | electric potential energy
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| the work necessary to move a test charge from infinity to a point in space in an electric field surrounding a source charge | electric potential energy
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| the ratio of the magnitude of a charge's electric potential energy to the magnitude of the charge itself | electric potential
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| a line on which the potential at every point is the same | equipotential line
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| results from two equal and opposite charges being separated a small distance from each other | electric dipole
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