BHSWG- Agriculture & Industry
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| producing just enough food for a family or a village to survive | SUBSISTENCE FARMING
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| method in which farmers move every few years to find better soil | SHIFTING AGRICULTURE
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| farming carried on at permanent settlements | SEDENTARY FARMING
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| production of food surplus; farming organized as a business which includes a large area of land, advanced technology, a limited number of workers, and a large harvest of crops | COMMERCIAL FARMING
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| farm crop grown to be sold or traded rather than used by the farm family | CASH CROP
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| a land management technique that helps protect farmland | CONSERVATION FARMING
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| term meaning suitable for growing crops | ARABLE
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| the raising of livestock; usually by nomadic peoples (ex. Bedouins) | PASTORALISM
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| to adapt plants and animals from the wild to make them useful to people | DOMESTICATE
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| program begun in the 1960s to produce higher-yielding, more productive strains of wheat, rice, and other food crops (primarily in Asia) | GREEN REVOLUTION
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| plant and animal waste used especially as a source of fuel | BIOMASS
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| a term for farms jointly operated by multiple households in which they usually sharing expenses and profits; in North Korea, the communist government controls every aspect of these farms. | COOPERATIVE FARMS
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| traditional farming method in which all trees and plants in one area are cut and burned to add nutrients to the soil | SLASH & BURN
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| chemical used to kill insects, rodents, and other pests | PESTICIDE
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| replanting young trees or seeds on lands where trees have been cut or destroyed | REFORESTATION
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| farming practices diffused across the earth from these original places | AGRICULTURAL HEARTHS
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| the channeling of water to fields; absolutely necessary in areas with little precipitation; started by ancient civilizations | IRRIGATION
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| economic system where private companies, under a government charter, traded goods in a foreign land (or colony) in return for precious metals to enrich the mother country (ex. developed by the British) | MERCANTILISM
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| changing crops on a regular basis to control and preserve the soil's nutrients | CROP ROTATION
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| the initial transition from hunting and gathering to settled agriculture in prehistory; man learned how to domesticate plants and animals, settled in one area and learned to successfully cultivate crops | NEOLITHIC OR AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION
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| a large farm that specializes in one or two crops (like cotton, sugar, or tobacco), found in the Americas, Africa, & Asia, and once depended on slave labor | PLANTATION FARMING
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| a social system where men hold the power in the family, economy, & government | PATRIARCHAL SYSTEM
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| changes that resulted from the Agricultural Revolution were ___________ | RELIABLE FOOD SOURCES, RAPID INCREASE IN POPULATION, JOB SPECIALIZATION, WIDENING OF GENDER DIFFERENCES
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| during the 15th/16th centuries when goods, slaves, crops were sent across the Atlantic between Europe, Africa, and the New World; new foods were introduced to areas during this time | COLUMBIAN EXCHANGE
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| the negative impacts of clearing land for agriculture include _______ | EROSION, CHANGES IN ORGANIC CONTENT OF SOIL, DEPLETION OF NATURAL VEGETATION, PRESENCE OF CHEMICALS IN SOIL & GROUND WATER
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| process by which economic activities on earth's surface evolved from producing basic primary goods to using factories for mass production | INDUSTRIALIZATION
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| began in England in the 18th century; factories developed where machines were powered to mass produce goods; this revolution attracted large numbers of people to move to cities in search of better jobs | INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION
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| improving the standard of living and economic health for people in a specific area through the expansion of education, technology, and industry | ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT
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| non-renewable resources (coal, oil, natural gas) that are used as energy sources; the burning of these resources adds pollutants to the environment and contributes to climate change | FOSSIL FUELS
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| part of the economy that takes raw materials from the natural environment to sell | PRIMARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
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| part of the economy that takes raw materials and produces a manufactured good to be sold | SECONDARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
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| part of the economy that involves services provided rather than goods; usually requires some kind of education & training (ex. teacher, lawyer, doctor) | TERTIARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
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| part of the economy that focuses on information management, research, and development (also requires training & education) | QUATERNARY ECONOMIC ACTIVITIES
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| trade amongst countries within a particular region | TRADING BLOCS
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| trade agreement between USA, Canada, Mexico which has opened up the borders for trade in North America | NAFTA
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| "Association of SE Asian Nations"- political and economic partnership of 10 S.E. Asian nations to promote economic growth, social progress, cultural development, peace and stability | A.S.E.A.N.
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| countries that have experienced industrialization, have all four economic activities, and make up the world's wealthiest countries | MORE DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
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| countries whose economies are heavily dependent upon agriculture, have a predominantly rural population, low literacy rates & life expectancies, and the world's poorest economies | LESS DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
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| refers to the increasing expansion of culture, people, and economic activity on a global scale; the global distribution goods and services, through reduction of barriers to international trade | GLOBALIZATION
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| social and economic idea that encourages the purchase of goods and services in ever-greater amounts (practiced by the most developed countries in the world like the USA) | CONSUMERISM
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| the value of the total output of goods and services produced in a country during a year | GDP
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