CH 18, 24
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| In the Demonstration with KMno4 what happened? | It sat heating up then took off sparking purple flames
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| Why did the reaction from the demonstration occur after a while? | Because the reaction only occurs at a certain temperature as the temp goes up so does the reaction
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| In the demonstration it was a combination of what? | kinetics and thermodynamics
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| How do firefights do a controlled burn? | inject ping pong balls with KMnO4 the inject glisserin so the reaction won't occur until it hits the ground.
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| What is potential measured in? | volts
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| What happens to the oxidation number when something is reduced? | The oxidation number goes down.
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| What happens agent being oxidized? | oxidation number goes up
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| What is the oxidization number? | the number of electrons on the atom minus the number of electrons assigned
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| What are some common reducing agent? | Carbon and H2
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| What are some common oxidizing agents? | O, Cl,NaClO and H2O2
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| How do plants reduce carbon? | Plants use a photon from the sun
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| Why can't CO2 be reduced any further? | It is already oxidized to its lowest state.
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| Deep in ocean vents what is the source of energy? | H2S
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| What can oxidize H2S? | Bacteria which enables tube worms to flourish
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| What can some other bacteria live off of? | CH4 and oil
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| In caves what lives off of H2S? | Snotties
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| What are the steps to balancing a redox reaction? | 1 balance everything except H and O
2 Balance O with H2O
3 balance H with H+
4 balance charge with electrons
5 add to get rid of electrons
6 if basic add OH- to get rid of H+
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| What are the two types of cells? | Voltaic and Electrolytic
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| Which one is spontaneous? | Voltaic
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| Which one is nonspontaneous? | Electrolytic
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| Car batteries first turn on is an example of? | Voltaic cell
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| When recharging a battery is an example of? | electrolytic
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| How does one write a cells reaction in short hand notation? | Anode on left single line in between phase changes then double line for salt bridge and then phase change and cathode on right
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| What must E be for the reaction to be spontaneous? | E must be greater then 0
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| Does E0, E, deltaG0 change with temperature? | E0-no
delta G0-no
E changes with temperature
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| What must delta G be for the reaction to be spontaneous? | less then 0
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| What is the E0 for a standard hydrogen electrode? | E0 = 0 at all temperatures
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| What are some insulating unions? | Iron and Copper
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| when copper and Iron touch they create a ... | battery
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| What is an Insulating Union used for? | keeps iron from coroiding
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| When engine blocks where made from Aluminum and the water pumps where made from cast iron what would happen? | Holes would form in the water pumps
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| When one times an equilbirium by two what happens A to B becomes 2A to 2B to delta s, delta H delta G, K and E | S, H, G= 2S, 2H, 2G
K=Ksquared
E=E
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| What kills you when electrocuted? | current not voltage
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| What does an Amp equal? | Coul/s
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| What does a J equal? | Coul-V
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| what does a watt equal? | amp-V
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| So RT/(nF)equals? | V
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| At equilibrium E equals what and Q equals wwhat? | E=0
Q=K
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| Why doesn't E change? | Because it is equivalent tto the height of the dam. And when you times it by two the coeffinent crosses out with the number of electrons
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| As temperature goes down what happens to E? | E goes up
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| In a cold battery this would mean the the volts are higher why doesn't the battery start? | the car needs power when the temperature drops the amps drop because amp is a rate function dependent on temperature so the chemical reactions are slower.
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| In a dead battery why are there no amps? | because the concentration are very low
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| What is an example of electrolysis? | silver plating
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| In silver plating why is the V low? | Because V does not matter the current is what matters.
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| Why does electrolysis need a fast current? | Because the process would take a long long time without a fast current,7.
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| What is the most common battery? | lead acid battery
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| Why is the freezing point in some batteries higher? | dus to mare solids
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| Why won't motorcycle batteries start a truck when they are the same voltage? | dues to not enough power or Amps
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| how does one get a 12V battery? | by putting six cells in a series
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| what is battery rate? | Amp-Hrs
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| what increases the amount of amps? | surface area
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| What happens when there is too much surface area? | the battery become too spongy and falls apart
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| What is oxidized and reduced in car batteries? | Lead
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| What is the difference in D, C, A, AA, AAA batteries even though they have the same power, current and voltage? | The larger batteries have more energy
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| Lead is heavy so this means? | low power density
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| Why does Li have more energy per kg? | because it does not weigh as much as lead does
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| Where are the most deposits of Li? | Bolivia and Afghanistan
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| Why don't aluminum cans rust? | because when Al reacts with O it forms AlO which forms a coating around the Al preventing rust
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| Where are fuels cells used today and why? | Space ships due to cost
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| Why are fuel cells so great? | One just needs to put fuel in to get products out
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| What would happen if we putt fuel cells in cars? | It would eliminate the engine, and other stuff enabling th car to be 1/3 of its weight
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| H2 is how many times more efficient in a fuel cell then burning it? | 3x
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| What is corrosion? | unwanted oxidation
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| Where does rust form in turns of where it is oxidized? | In a different place
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| What should the red canyon be called in Wyoming since it was named wrong? | Ferric instead of Ferrous
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| Why are barns red? | because red pigment is the cheapest pigment to make
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| What is in red paint? | FeO2
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| What is used to stop rust? | Soap, sacrificial Anodes and coatings
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| Why doesn't steel wool rust since it has a higher surface area? | Because soap has a higher pH so no rust because the equation shifts to the left
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| how do sacrificial anodes work? | They force iron to be a cathode so Iron will no oxidize
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| What are some examples of sacrificial anodes? | Zn and Mg
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| What is the advantage of using a SA to a coating? | A coating needs to cover the whole area of iron and if it is scratched the iron will rust the SA just needs to be touching a prat of the iron to protect the whole area
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| Why doesn't stainless steal rust? | it contains Cr and when this is oxidized it forms a coating to protect the iron
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| how is the statue of liberty anatomically incorrect? | The arm is on top of the shoulder so the shoulder is dislocated to be in this position
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| Why did the statue of liberty had to be rebuilt? | Because it was originally made with iron and copper which corroids when in contact with each other
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| Complex ion | A metal ion surrounded by 2 or more coordinate divalent bonds with ligands. Set off by [square brackets].
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| Ligand | An electron-rich group with nonbonded pairs of electrons. Inside the square backets.
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| Coordination compound | A neutral compound that contains a complex ion.
Coordinate covalent bond
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| Coordinate covalent bond | A bond in which both bonding electrons come from the same atom.
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| Coordination number | The number of coordinate covalent bonds on the metal ion.
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| Bidentate ligand | A ligand that attaches twice to the metal ion.
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| Chelating agent | Synonymous with polydentate ligand.
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| Chelate | A complex ion containing a chelating agent.
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| What are the three lignads we need to know? | Oxalate, Ethylenediamine and Edta
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| How many times does Oxalate attaches to a metal? | Twice
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| How many times does Ethylenediamine attached to a metal? | Twice and has no charge
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| How many times does Edta attaches to a metal and has what charge? | 6, 4- charges
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| What is Edta used in? | treatment for metal poisoning
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| Where is it found it? | food because food contains metals which it catalishes too
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| In history what country needed Edta to treat for Plutonium poisoning? | Russia
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| how did they treat iodinthe e radiation? | by making the Russions eat lots of Iodine to flush the radiation out of their Thyroids to prevent Thyroid cancer
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| Where else is Edta found in and why? | Soap because a metal + soap = a solid
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| In hemoglobin what happens to the K when Mg is in place instead of Fe? | K= 200x better
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| What reduces visible light and how? | Choraphyll in takes 2 photons to move one electron
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| ion + chelating agent = chelate ∆S =?, ∆H =? | ∆S < 0, ∆H < 0
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| What is the geomentry of a molecule with a coordinate # =2, coordinate #=4 and Coordinate # = 6 | Coor. # 2, linear
Coor. # 4 tetrahedral unless 8 d electrons – square planar
Coor. # 6 octahedral
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| what is the crystal field theory? | Electrons of the ligands create a “field” at the 6 coordinate axes
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| how do emerables and diamonds get their colors? | due to the splitting crystal field energy the distance between the ligand fields field the crystal its color?
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| What are the colors for Cu and Mg? | Cu= blue and Mg =purple
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| What does the crystal field splitting depend on? | the metal ion ligands
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| why do organic compounds have color? | congigation of bonds
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| Why do inorganic compounds have color? | splitting of d orbitals
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| What is a strong field and low spin? | delta is large
few unpaired electrons
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| What is a weak field and high spin? | delta is small
and lots of unpaired electrons
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