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CH 18, 24
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| In the Demonstration with KMno4 what happened? | It sat heating up then took off sparking purple flames |
| Why did the reaction from the demonstration occur after a while? | Because the reaction only occurs at a certain temperature as the temp goes up so does the reaction |
| In the demonstration it was a combination of what? | kinetics and thermodynamics |
| How do firefights do a controlled burn? | inject ping pong balls with KMnO4 the inject glisserin so the reaction won't occur until it hits the ground. |
| What is potential measured in? | volts |
| What happens to the oxidation number when something is reduced? | The oxidation number goes down. |
| What happens agent being oxidized? | oxidation number goes up |
| What is the oxidization number? | the number of electrons on the atom minus the number of electrons assigned |
| What are some common reducing agent? | Carbon and H2 |
| What are some common oxidizing agents? | O, Cl,NaClO and H2O2 |
| How do plants reduce carbon? | Plants use a photon from the sun |
| Why can't CO2 be reduced any further? | It is already oxidized to its lowest state. |
| Deep in ocean vents what is the source of energy? | H2S |
| What can oxidize H2S? | Bacteria which enables tube worms to flourish |
| What can some other bacteria live off of? | CH4 and oil |
| In caves what lives off of H2S? | Snotties |
| What are the steps to balancing a redox reaction? | 1 balance everything except H and O 2 Balance O with H2O 3 balance H with H+ 4 balance charge with electrons 5 add to get rid of electrons 6 if basic add OH- to get rid of H+ |
| What are the two types of cells? | Voltaic and Electrolytic |
| Which one is spontaneous? | Voltaic |
| Which one is nonspontaneous? | Electrolytic |
| Car batteries first turn on is an example of? | Voltaic cell |
| When recharging a battery is an example of? | electrolytic |
| How does one write a cells reaction in short hand notation? | Anode on left single line in between phase changes then double line for salt bridge and then phase change and cathode on right |
| What must E be for the reaction to be spontaneous? | E must be greater then 0 |
| Does E0, E, deltaG0 change with temperature? | E0-no delta G0-no E changes with temperature |
| What must delta G be for the reaction to be spontaneous? | less then 0 |
| What is the E0 for a standard hydrogen electrode? | E0 = 0 at all temperatures |
| What are some insulating unions? | Iron and Copper |
| when copper and Iron touch they create a ... | battery |
| What is an Insulating Union used for? | keeps iron from coroiding |
| When engine blocks where made from Aluminum and the water pumps where made from cast iron what would happen? | Holes would form in the water pumps |
| When one times an equilbirium by two what happens A to B becomes 2A to 2B to delta s, delta H delta G, K and E | S, H, G= 2S, 2H, 2G K=Ksquared E=E |
| What kills you when electrocuted? | current not voltage |
| What does an Amp equal? | Coul/s |
| What does a J equal? | Coul-V |
| what does a watt equal? | amp-V |
| So RT/(nF)equals? | V |
| At equilibrium E equals what and Q equals wwhat? | E=0 Q=K |
| Why doesn't E change? | Because it is equivalent tto the height of the dam. And when you times it by two the coeffinent crosses out with the number of electrons |
| As temperature goes down what happens to E? | E goes up |
| In a cold battery this would mean the the volts are higher why doesn't the battery start? | the car needs power when the temperature drops the amps drop because amp is a rate function dependent on temperature so the chemical reactions are slower. |
| In a dead battery why are there no amps? | because the concentration are very low |
| What is an example of electrolysis? | silver plating |
| In silver plating why is the V low? | Because V does not matter the current is what matters. |
| Why does electrolysis need a fast current? | Because the process would take a long long time without a fast current,7. |
| What is the most common battery? | lead acid battery |
| Why is the freezing point in some batteries higher? | dus to mare solids |
| Why won't motorcycle batteries start a truck when they are the same voltage? | dues to not enough power or Amps |
| how does one get a 12V battery? | by putting six cells in a series |
| what is battery rate? | Amp-Hrs |
| what increases the amount of amps? | surface area |
| What happens when there is too much surface area? | the battery become too spongy and falls apart |
| What is oxidized and reduced in car batteries? | Lead |
| What is the difference in D, C, A, AA, AAA batteries even though they have the same power, current and voltage? | The larger batteries have more energy |
| Lead is heavy so this means? | low power density |
| Why does Li have more energy per kg? | because it does not weigh as much as lead does |
| Where are the most deposits of Li? | Bolivia and Afghanistan |
| Why don't aluminum cans rust? | because when Al reacts with O it forms AlO which forms a coating around the Al preventing rust |
| Where are fuels cells used today and why? | Space ships due to cost |
| Why are fuel cells so great? | One just needs to put fuel in to get products out |
| What would happen if we putt fuel cells in cars? | It would eliminate the engine, and other stuff enabling th car to be 1/3 of its weight |
| H2 is how many times more efficient in a fuel cell then burning it? | 3x |
| What is corrosion? | unwanted oxidation |
| Where does rust form in turns of where it is oxidized? | In a different place |
| What should the red canyon be called in Wyoming since it was named wrong? | Ferric instead of Ferrous |
| Why are barns red? | because red pigment is the cheapest pigment to make |
| What is in red paint? | FeO2 |
| What is used to stop rust? | Soap, sacrificial Anodes and coatings |
| Why doesn't steel wool rust since it has a higher surface area? | Because soap has a higher pH so no rust because the equation shifts to the left |
| how do sacrificial anodes work? | They force iron to be a cathode so Iron will no oxidize |
| What are some examples of sacrificial anodes? | Zn and Mg |
| What is the advantage of using a SA to a coating? | A coating needs to cover the whole area of iron and if it is scratched the iron will rust the SA just needs to be touching a prat of the iron to protect the whole area |
| Why doesn't stainless steal rust? | it contains Cr and when this is oxidized it forms a coating to protect the iron |
| how is the statue of liberty anatomically incorrect? | The arm is on top of the shoulder so the shoulder is dislocated to be in this position |
| Why did the statue of liberty had to be rebuilt? | Because it was originally made with iron and copper which corroids when in contact with each other |
| Complex ion | A metal ion surrounded by 2 or more coordinate divalent bonds with ligands. Set off by [square brackets]. |
| Ligand | An electron-rich group with nonbonded pairs of electrons. Inside the square backets. |
| Coordination compound | A neutral compound that contains a complex ion. Coordinate covalent bond |
| Coordinate covalent bond | A bond in which both bonding electrons come from the same atom. |
| Coordination number | The number of coordinate covalent bonds on the metal ion. |
| Bidentate ligand | A ligand that attaches twice to the metal ion. |
| Chelating agent | Synonymous with polydentate ligand. |
| Chelate | A complex ion containing a chelating agent. |
| What are the three lignads we need to know? | Oxalate, Ethylenediamine and Edta |
| How many times does Oxalate attaches to a metal? | Twice |
| How many times does Ethylenediamine attached to a metal? | Twice and has no charge |
| How many times does Edta attaches to a metal and has what charge? | 6, 4- charges |
| What is Edta used in? | treatment for metal poisoning |
| Where is it found it? | food because food contains metals which it catalishes too |
| In history what country needed Edta to treat for Plutonium poisoning? | Russia |
| how did they treat iodinthe e radiation? | by making the Russions eat lots of Iodine to flush the radiation out of their Thyroids to prevent Thyroid cancer |
| Where else is Edta found in and why? | Soap because a metal + soap = a solid |
| In hemoglobin what happens to the K when Mg is in place instead of Fe? | K= 200x better |
| What reduces visible light and how? | Choraphyll in takes 2 photons to move one electron |
| ion + chelating agent = chelate ∆S =?, ∆H =? | ∆S < 0, ∆H < 0 |
| What is the geomentry of a molecule with a coordinate # =2, coordinate #=4 and Coordinate # = 6 | Coor. # 2, linear Coor. # 4 tetrahedral unless 8 d electrons – square planar Coor. # 6 octahedral |
| what is the crystal field theory? | Electrons of the ligands create a “field” at the 6 coordinate axes |
| how do emerables and diamonds get their colors? | due to the splitting crystal field energy the distance between the ligand fields field the crystal its color? |
| What are the colors for Cu and Mg? | Cu= blue and Mg =purple |
| What does the crystal field splitting depend on? | the metal ion ligands |
| why do organic compounds have color? | congigation of bonds |
| Why do inorganic compounds have color? | splitting of d orbitals |
| What is a strong field and low spin? | delta is large few unpaired electrons |
| What is a weak field and high spin? | delta is small and lots of unpaired electrons |
Created by:
sfitzpatrick
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