CST 229 Chapter 2 Vocabulary
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| Intercultural communication | the symbolic exchange process whereby individuals from two different cultural communities attempt to negotiate shared meanings in an interactive situation within an embedded system
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| Symbolic Exchange | refers to the use of verbal and nonverbal symbols between a minimum of two individuals to accomplish shared meanings
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| Process | refers to the interdependent nature of the intercultural encounter
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| Transactional | refers to the simultaneous encoding and decoding of the exchanged messages
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| Different Cultural Communities | a broad concept
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| Cultural Community | refers to a group of interacting individuals within a bounded unit who uphold a set of shared traditions and way of life
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| Negotiate Shared Meanings | refers to the general goal of any intercultural communication encounter
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| Content Meaning | refers to the factual information that is being conveyed to the receiver through an oral channel or other communication medium
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| Relational Meaning | offers information concerning the state of the relationship between the two communicators
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| Identity Meaning | refers to the following questions: "Who am I and who are you in this interaction episode?" "How do I define myself in this interaction scene?"
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| Interactive Situation | refers to the idea that every communication episode occurs in a relational context, a psychological context, and a physical context
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| Relational Context | examples of intercultural acquaintance relationships, friendships, dating relationships, and business relationships to illustrate diverse relationship contexts
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| Psychological Context | refers to our psychological moods, meaning-making interpretations, and normative role expectations of a given situation
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| Physical Context | refers to the immediate physical features and layouts surrounding the face-to-face or mediated interaction
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| Societal Embedded System | refers to the multilayered contexts such as history, politics, economies, social class, formal institutions, and policies, as well as community or organization of the actual intercultural communication encounter
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| Flexible Intercultural Communication | emphasizes the importance of integrating knowledge and an open-minded attitude and putting them into adaptive and creative practice in every day communication
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| Inflexible Intercultural Communication | stresses the continuation of using our own cultural values, judgements, and routines in communicating with culturally different others
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| Ethnocentric Mindset | means staying stuck with our own cultural worldviews and using our own cultural values as the baseline standards to evaluate the other person's cultural behavior
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| Ethnorelative Mindset | means to understand a communication behavior from the other person's cultural frame of reference
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| Knowledge | refers to the systematic, conscious learning of the essential themes and concepts in intercultural communication flexibility
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| Formal Studying | includes taking classes in intercultural communication and ethnic-related studies; includes attending intercultural communication seminars and diversity-related training
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| Informal Learning | include international traveling, studying abroad, volunteering for community services, and visiting ethnic neighborhoods
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| Attitude | can include both cognitive and affective layers
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| Cognitive Layer | refers to the willingness to suspend our ethnocentric judgement and readiness to be open-minded in learning about cross-cultural difference issues
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| Affective Layer | refers to the emotional commitment to engage in cultural perspective-taking and the cultivation of an empathetic heart in reaching out to culturally diverse groups
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| Skills | our operational abilities to integrate knowledge and a responsive attitude with adaptive intercultural practice
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| Appropriateness | refers to the degree to which the exchanged behaviors are regarded as proper and match the expectations generated by the insiders of the culture
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| Effectiveness | refers to the degree to which communicators achieve mutually shared meaning and integrative goal-related outcomes
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| Communication Adaptability | refers to our ability to change our interaction behaviors and goals to meet the specific needs of the situation
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| "Full Mindfulness" | stage when an individual is aware of her intercultural communicaton "nonfluency" and is committed to integrating the new knowledge, attitude, and skills into competent practice
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| Unconscious Incompetence Stage | individuals have no culture-sensitive knowledge to communicate competently with the host members of the new culture
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| Conscious Incompetence Stage | individuals have some notion that they behave incompetently, however, they lack the knowledge or skills to operate appropriately in the new cultural setting
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| Conscious Competence Stage | individuals are actively pursuing new intercultural knowledge to improve their communication competencies
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| Unconscious Competence Stage | "mindlessly mindful" zen-like stage where individuals move in and out of spontaneous yet adaptive communication with members of the new culture
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