chap.8-16
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| The salt water ______________ when poured into the glass containing cold tap water. | collected at the bottom
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| At which latitudes are the highest surface salinities located? | 20o to 30o
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| 3 0 out of 2 points Evaporation and temperature are the two factors that control the concentration of salts in seawater. | False
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| Of the two oceans, which ocean has the higher average surface salinities? | Atlantic
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| In general, salinity will ___________ with depth in the equatorial and tropical regions and will __________ with depth at high latitudes. | decrease, increase
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| Below the halocline, the salinity of ocean water will ____________. | remain fairly constant
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| Your observations of the warm water poured into the glass of cold water tells you that the warm water is _______________. | less dense
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| At high latitudes ____________ surface temperatures and ____________ surface densities are found. | cold, high
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| Temperature decreases most rapidly with depth at ___________ latitudes. | low
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| Below the thermocline, the temperature of ocean water ____________. | remains fairly constant
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| An echo sounder operates by measuring the time required for a ________. | sound pulse travels from a ship to the seafloor and back
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| Large estuaries are more common on a ________ coastline. | submergent
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| Which one of the following is NOT part of the continental margin? | continental trench
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| The gently sloping submerged surface extending from the shoreline toward the deep ocean is termed the ________. | continental shelf
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| The daily tidal range is LEAST during ________ tide. | neap
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| When waves reach shallow water, they are often bent and tend to become parallel to the shore. This process is termed ________. | refraction
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| Which one of the following would most likely be covered with thick turbidite layers? | deep-sea fan at the base of a continental slope
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| A ridge of sand projecting into a bay and often having a hooked end is a ________. | spit
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| The continental rise is located ________. | between an abyssal plain and continental slope
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| Which one of the following structures is built to protect boats from large breaking waves? | breakwater
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| The energy that drives surface ocean currents such as the Gulf Stream comes from ________. | prevailing winds
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| The movement of sand parallel to the shore ________. | all of these
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| A flat, bench-like surface cut in rock along a coast is a ________. | wave-cut platform
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| Which of the following is designed to prevent or retard shoreline erosion? | all of these
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| An isolated remnant of wave erosion is a ________. | sea stack
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| Minerals that crystallize directly from seawater are examples of ________. | hydrogenous sediment
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| Fetch refers to ________. | a large expanse of open water over which the wind blows and generates waves
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| Which one of the following salts is most abundant in seawater? | sodium chloride
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| A sand bar that completely crosses a bay, sealing it off from the open ocean is a ________. | none of these
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| The crests of mid-oceanic ridges ________. | contain active rift zones
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| Chesapeake Bay and Delaware Bay are ________. | all of these
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| Fetch is ________. | none of these
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| Concerning the distribution of land and water, which of the following statements is true? | the Southern Hemisphere has much more water surface than the Northern Hemisphere
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| One result of wave refraction is that wave energy is concentrated ________. | on headlands projecting into the water
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| Which ocean has the greatest average depth? | Pacific
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| Seamounts ________. | are volcanoes that form on the ocean floor
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| A sand ridge connecting an island to the mainland or to another island is a ________. | tombolo
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| The daily tidal range is GREATEST during ________ tide. | spring
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| Waves begin to "feel bottom" when the depth of water is ________. | equal to one-half the wavelength
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| Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Southern Hemisphere. | left
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| It is thought that submarine canyons on the continental slope have been generated by ________ | turbidity currents
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| How do calcareous oozes form? | the particles are precipitated in warm, surface waters and sink to the bottom
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| Which one of the following is a landform created by wave erosion? | sea arch
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| Submarine canyons are found on the continental slope and are believed to have been created ________. | none of these
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| The movement of water within the surf zone that parallels the shore is termed ________. | longshore current
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| The oceans cover approximately ________ percent of Earth's surface. | 70
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| Because of the Coriolis effect, surface ocean currents are deflected to the ________ of their path of motion in the Northern Hemisphere. | right
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| The ________ Ocean is largest. | Pacific
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| The presence of which one of the following would indicate that the land had been uplifted or that sea level had fallen? | elevated marine terrace
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| The BEST definition of the outer edge of the continental shelf is that point where ________. | a rapid steepening of the gradient occurs
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| ________ develop where oceanic lithosphere bends downward and sinks into the mantle. | Deep ocean trenches
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| Which one of the following concerning mid-ocean ridges is false? | sediments include thick siliceous ooze deposits and sandy turbidite beds
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| Which one of the following would you NOT associate with turbidity currents? | formation of seamounts
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| Manganese nodules are an example of ________. | hydrogenous sediment
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| A poleward-moving ocean current is ________. | warm
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| Which of the following is a tidal current? | both flood and ebb tide
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| Which of the following is associated with ocean ridges? | all of these
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| The zigzag movement of sand grains along a beach is ________. | both caused by obliquely breaking waves and called beach drift
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| Sediments derived primarily from the products of weathering on the continents are called ________. | terrigenous sediment
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| Which of the following is NOT true of deep ocean trenches? | they are geologically very stable
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| Earth receives energy from the Sun in this way. | radiation
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| Which one of the following is the most abundant gas in the atmosphere? | nitrogen
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| Fifty percent of the gases making up the atmosphere are found below ________. | 3 ½ miles (5.6 km)
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| Which one of the following statements is true about the equinoxes? | days and nights are equal in length everywhere
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| Which are mechanisms of heat transfer? | all of these
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| The two most important heat absorbing gases in the lower atmosphere are ________. | water vapor and carbon dioxide
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| The storage of heat in the lower layer of the atmosphere produced by certain heat absorbing gases is called the ________. | greenhouse effect
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| The 90 angle solar rays are striking the Tropic of Cancer on ________. | June 21
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| Which one of the following latitudes best represents the location where the Sun is directly overhead at noon on April 21? | 8>N
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| Ozone filters out most of the ________ radiation in sunlight. | ultraviolet
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| Which one of the gases listed below is more important meteorologically (that is, is more important in weather processes) than the others? | carbon dioxide
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| The wavelengths of radiation emitted by Earth are ________. | longer than those emitted by the Sun
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| The tropopause is the boundary between ________ | the troposphere and stratosphere
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| With which of the following is dust in the atmosphere associated? | all of these
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| The lowest layer of the atmosphere is the ________. | troposphere
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| On the AVERAGE, for every 1 km increase in altitude in the troposphere, the air temperature ________. | drops about 6.5C
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| On this date the length of daylight gets progressively longer as you go further south from the equator. | December 21
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| On the average, how much of the Sun's energy that is intercepted by Earth is reflected back to space? | 30%
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| The North Pole has a higher noon Sun angle than New York City on this date. | none of these
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| At noon on February 21, the Sun is overhead ________. | at some point between the Tropic of Capricorn and the equator, heading northward
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| The spring equinox in the Northern Hemisphere occurs on ________. | March 21
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| Practically all clouds and storms occur in this layer of the atmosphere. | troposphere
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| The triatomic form of oxygen (O3) is known as ________. | ozone
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| Ozone is concentrated in the ________. | stratosphere
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| A very important control of the DAILY range of temperature is ________. | the amount of water vapor in the air
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| The cloud form that is best described as sheets or layers that cover much or all of the sky is termed ________. | stratus
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| The cloud form that consists of globular cloud masses that take on a billowy or "cauliflower-like" structure is called ________. | cumulus
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| This term is used to describe clouds found in the middle height range. | alto
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| High clouds that form delicate veil-like patches or extended wispy fibers are termed ________. | cirrus
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| This term is used to describe clouds that produce precipitation. | nimbo
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| These clouds are often called "fair weather" clouds. | cumulus
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| This cloud sometimes produces "mare's tails." | cirrus
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| This cloud type is confined to the middle height range. | altostratus
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| Hail is most commonly associated with ________. | cumulonimbus
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| A wintertime form of precipitation that consists of small ice particles is called ________. | sleet
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| This fog forms in valleys at night. | radiation fog
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| When warm moist air moves over a cold surface, ________ fog may result. | advection
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| Which one of the fogs listed below may be categorized as an evaporation fog? | steam
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| The amount of water vapor in the air (by volume) usually does not exceed ________. | 4%
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| When using a psychrometer and the two temperatures read nearly the same, you can conclude that ________. | the air has a high relative humidity
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| Under what circumstances could the relative humidity exceed 100% without producing condensation in the air? | there are no condensation nuclei
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| The most important process of cloud formation in the atmosphere is ________. | cooling by expansion of air
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| If air at sea level with a temperature of 27C is forced up a mountain slope and the air's dew point at the condensation level is 14C, at what elevation will condensation begin? | 1300 meters
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| Which of the following would NOT be associated with stable atmospheric conditions? | afternoon thunder showers
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| Deserts such as the Great Basin, Gobi, and Takla Makan are examples of ________. | rainshadow deserts
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| The change of state from a gas to a liquid is called ________. | condensation
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| The term ________ is used to describe the conversion of a solid directly to a gas, without passing through the liquid state. | sublimation
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| The process by which water vapor changes directly to a solid is called ________. | deposition
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| This process results in the release of about 600 calories of latent heat per gram of water. | condensation
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| Please answer the following questions using the data provided: H20 vapor content: 14grams H2O vapor capacity: 20grams at 25 degrees Celsius 14grams at 20 degrees Celsius 10grams at 15 degrees Celsius What is the dew point for the conditions listed a | 20C
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| Standard sea level pressure in millibars is | 1013 mb
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| Standard sea level pressure in inches of mercury is ________. | 29.92 inches
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| Which of these instruments is NOT used to measure air pressure? | anemometer
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| Question 4 1 out of 1 points An altimeter is an adaptation of the ________. | aneroid barometer
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| Which of these factors influence the magnitude of the Coriolis force? | both wind speed and latitude
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| Lines on a weather map connecting places of equal air pressure are called ________. | isobars
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| Closely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | high winds
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| A steep pressure gradient ________. | produces strong winds
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| Widely spaced isobars often indicate ________. | light winds
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| In the Northern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system (cyclone) blow ________. | counterclockwise and toward the center
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| In the Northern Hemisphere, winds associated with a high pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and outward from the center
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| If Earth were not rotating ________. | air would move directly from high to low pressure
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| Upper air winds ________. | are generally faster than surface winds
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| High air pressure systems are usually associated with ________. | all of these
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| In the Southern Hemisphere, the winds associated with a low pressure system blow ________. | clockwise and toward the center
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| If "fair" weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | rising
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| If stormy weather is approaching, the pressure tendency would probably be ________. | falling
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| Most of the United States is situated in which zone of prevailing winds? | westerlies
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| Another name for the area of subtropical highs is ________. | horse latitudes
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| This pressure zone is associated with abundant precipitation and warm temperatures. | equatorial low
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| When are upper air winds fastest? | in winter
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| A Santa Ana (or Chinook or Foehn) wind is a ________. | very dry, warm wind flowing down a mountain slope
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| A sea breeze usually originates during the ________. | day and flows toward the land
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| Fast moving currents of air found near the top of the troposphere are called ________. | jet streams
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| What is the technical name for a high pressure center? | anticyclone
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| The station model above describes a pressure of 1099.6 millibars. | False
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| An increase in temperature usually results in an increase in pressure. | False
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| Isobars are usually drawn for every _________ millibar change in pressure. | 4
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| The larger the pressure gradient, the ____________ the winds. | stronger
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| On the diagram above, winds along line AB traveled from _____________. (Refer to the map in your lab printout for the isobars). | southwest to northeast
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| Wind along line ____ will travel faster than wind along line ____. | AB, CD
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| How many pressure centers did you identify in the model you created from the data above? | 2
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| According to the compass, air would flow from _____ to _____ in the model you created from the data above. | west; east
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| Between which two cities would the winds be the strongest in the model above? | Denver and Indianapolis
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| Which city is closest to the low pressure center? | Indianapolis
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