ARRT registry review covering radiation protection
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| Interaction that contributes significantly to patient dose | photoelectric effect
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| interaction that contributes to image fog and pose a radiation hazard to personnel | compton scatter
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| cardinal principles of radiation protection | time, distance, and shielding
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| dose response curve that is proportional to the radiation dose received only after some particular dose is received | linear threshold
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| dose response curve that does not occur with degrees of severity, referred to as stochastic effects, no safe dose | linear nonthreshold
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| dose response curve in which the effects of radiation are not proportional to the dose received | nonlinear curve
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| usually a result of high dose in short period of time | early somatic effects
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| can appear years after exposure: carcinogenesis, cataractogenesis, embryologic effect, lifespan shortening | late somatic effects
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| states that the most radiosensitive cells are young, undifferentiated, and highly mitotic cells | Law of Bergonie and Tribondeau
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| the sum of the products of the dose equivalent to various irradiated organs or tissues and their applicable weighting factors | effective dose equivalent
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| the rate at which radiation deposits energy as it passes through tissue is known as | linear energy transfer (LET)
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| the most radiosensitive cell | lymphocyte
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| as the LET of radiation increases, the radiation's ability to produce biologic damage also increases -true or false | true
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| diagnostic x-rays are considered high LET radiation- true or false | false, low LET radiation
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| occurs with high LET radiation and when ionization occurs at the DNA molecule | direct effect
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| occurs most frequently, happens when ionization takes place away from the DNA molecule, in cellular water | indirect effect
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| the indirect effect is predominant with high or low LET radiation | low
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| radiographers must follow _____ as they carry out their tasks | the ALARA principle
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| what is the safest time to schedule elective procedures of the abdomen/pelvis for female patients | 10-day rule, the first 10 days following onset of the menses
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| the single most important factor in keeping patient dose to a minimum | beam restriction
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| removes low-energy x-rays from primary beam, thereby reducing patient skin dose and increasing the average energy of the beam | filtration
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| equipment operated above 70 kV must have at least _____ mm Al equivalent | 2.5
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| ______ should be used if gonads lie within 5 cm of collimated beam, if patient has reproductive potential, and if diagnostic objectives permit | gonadal shielding
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| reproducibility- any variation in output intensity must not exceed | 5%
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| linearity- any variation in output intensity must not exceed | 10%
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| SSD must not be fewer than ___ inches for all radiographic procedures other than dental radiography | 12
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| the tabletop intensity of the fluoroscopic beam must be fewer than | 10R/min
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| most occupational exposure is received in what 2 areas | fluoroscopy and mobile radiography (especially c-arm)
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| the rem SI unit of measurement is | Sv (Sievert)
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| measures ionization in air and can be referred to as the unit of exposure | roentgen
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| contains a thin layer of aluminum oxide | optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) dosimeter
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