Matter classifications and important vocab
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each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Matter | anything that has mass and volume
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| Mass | is a measure of the amount of matter in an object or substance
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| Energy | the ability to induce change
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| Heat | the transfer of energy between two objects at different temperatures (from hotter to colder)
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| Temperature | is a measurement of the average kinetic E of the particles in an object or substance
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| Physical Properties | are those that can be measured or observed without altering or changing the chemical composition of the object or substance
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| Chemical Properties | are those that can only be measured or observed by inducing a change to the chemical composition of the object or substance
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| Quantitative Properties | are those that have magnitude. Require a measuring instrument
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| Qualitative Properties | are those that do not require a magnitude
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| Intensive Properties | are those properties of an object or substance that are independant of sample size
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| Extensive Properties | are properties that are dependant on the sample size
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| Chemistry | the study of the structure, properties, and composition of substances and the changes they undergo.
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| Heterogeneous Matter | matter that doesn't have a uniform composition. In which different phases can be observed.
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| Solutions | uniform matter composed of two or more components, it is constant within the sample but is not representative of other solutions.
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| Pure Substances | matter wiht a constant composition regardless of the sample. Can only be purified by chemical methods.
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| Compounds | matter composed of two or more elements chemically bonded together. Can only be purified by chemical mehtods.
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| Elements | purest form of matter. Cannot be purified further.
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| Physical Changes | changes that do not alter the chemical composition of the object or substance.
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| Chemical Changes | changes that alter the chemical compostition of the object or substance.
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| Evidence of a chemical reaction | change in color, change in tmeperature, evolution of a gas, precipitation of a solid, production of light, change in odor.
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| The five chemical reactions | synthesis, decomposition, hydrocarbon combustion, single displacement, double displacement.
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| Synthesis Reactions | ones where the products are more complex than the starting materials.
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| Decomposition Reactions | ones where the products are simpler than the starting materials.
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| Hydrocarbon combustion reactions | ones when a C+H containing compound reacts with O to make CO2+H2O.
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| Single displacement reactions | when an element reacts with a compound and displaces a like element tomake a new compound.
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| Double displacement reactions | when two compounds react and ions are displaced amking two new compounds.
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| The Law of Conservation of Mass | the total mass of all substances in a chemical or physical system remains constant throughout the process.
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| Law of Definite proportions | the amss ratio in a given compound is constant.
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| Dalton's 4 postulates | All matter composed of atoms. All atoms of the same element are identical and different from other elements. Compounds made of combinations of different elements in integer ratios. Atoms are not modified in chemical reactions, only rearranged.
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| Law of Multiple Proportions | when two elements combine to make more than one compound, if the mass of one element is held constant the ratio of the mass of the other elementin the compounds will be a simple integer ratio.
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