Biology Chapter 15!
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| The process by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms; change over time. | Evolution
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| A well supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred in the natural world. | Theory
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| Preserved remains or evidence of an ancient organism. | Fossils
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| How long did Darwin's voyage around the world last? | 5 years
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| What was Darwin's hypothesis? | The Theory of Evolution
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| The Galapagos islands were very close together but had different what? | Climates and Habitats
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| In 1785 who proposed that the Earth was shaped by geological forces that took place over an extremely long period of time; He estimated that the earth to be millions of years old-not thousands? | James Hutton
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| In 1798 who in his essay wrote on the principle of population; he also predicted that the human population will grow faster than the space and food supplies needed to sustain it? | Thomas Malthus
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| In 1809 who published his hypothesis of the inheritance of acquired traits. The ideas are flawed, but he is one of the first to propose a mechanism explaining how organisms change over time? | Jean-Babtiste Lamarck
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| Who in 1831 set sail on the H.M.S. Beagle, on a voyage that would provide him with vast amounts of evidence leading to his theory of evolution? | Charels Darwin
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| In 1833 the second and final volume of principles of geology, he explains that processes occurring have some how shapes earths geological features over long periods of time? | Charels Lyell
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| Who in 1858 wrote to Darwin speculating on evolution by natural selection, bases on his studies of the distribution of plants and animals? | Alfred Wallace
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| Who helped scientists recognize that the Earth is many millions of years old? | Hutton and Lyell
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| Who proposed that by selective use or disuse of organs, that organisms acquired or lost certain traits during their lifetime and that these traits could be passed on to their offspring? | Lamarck
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| Who reasoned that the human population continued to grow unchecked sooner or later there would be insufficient living space and food for everyone? | Malthus
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| Who was among the first scientists to recognize that living things have changed over time and that all species were descended from other species and adapted to their environments? | Lamarck
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| What is the theory that says all organisms have an innate tendency toward complexity and perfection? | Tendency Towards Perfection
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| What theory says that organisms can alter the size and shape of particular organs by using their bodies in new ways? | Use and Disuse
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| What theory said characteristics could be inherited? | Inheritance of Acquired Traits
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| What is this an example of? Over many years, birds have kept trying to fly, and over time their wings have increased in size and become suited to flying. | Tendency Towards Perfection
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| What is this an example of? By trying to use their front limbs for flying, birds could eventually transform those limbs into wings. | Use and Disuse
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| What is this an example of? If a winged animal did not use its wings, the wings would decrease in size over generations and finally disappear. | Use and Disuse
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| What is this an example of? If during its lifetime an animal somehow altered a body structure leading to longer legs it would pass that change onto its offspring. | Inheritance of Acquired Traits
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| Selection by humans for breeding of useful traits from the natural variation among different organisms. | Artificial Selection
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| When the members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life. | Struggle for Existence
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| The ability of an organism to survive and reproduce in it environment. | Fitness
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| Inherited characteristics that increases an organisms chance of survival. | Adaptation
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| The process by which individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully | Survival of the Fittest
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| A principle that each living species has descended, with changed, form other species over time. | Descent with Modification
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| The principle that all living tings were derived from common ancestors. | Common Descent
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| Structures that have different mature forms in organisms but developed from the same embryonic tissues. | Homologous Structure
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| An organ that serves no useful functions in an organism. | Vestigial Organ
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