definitions
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| the first ionisation energy of an element | is the energy required to remove one electron from each atom in one mole of gaseous atoms to form one mole of gaseous 1+ ions.
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| electron shielding | is the repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer shell electrons.
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| Successive ionisation energies | are a measure of the energy required to remove each electron in turn
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| the second ionisation energy | is the energy required to remove one electron from each ion in one mole of gaseous 1+ ions to from one mole of gaseous 2+ ions.
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| a shell | is a group of atomic orbitals with the same principal quantum number, also known as a main energy level.
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| an atomic orbital | is a region within an atom that can hold up to two electrons, with opposite spins.
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| a sub-shell | is a group of the same type of atomic orbitals (s, p, d or f) within a shell.
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| ionic bond | the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions.
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| covalent bond | a bond formed by a shared pair of electrons
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| metallic bond | the electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons.
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| a group | is a vertical column in the periodic table. Elements in the same group have similar chemical properties and their atoms have the same number of outer shell electrons
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| a dative covalent bond or coordinate bond | is a shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms only.
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| electronegativity | is a measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond.
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| a permanent dipole | is a small charge difference across a bond that results from a difference in the electronegativities of the bonded atoms.
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| an intermolecular force | is an attractive force between neighbouring molecules
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| a permanent dipole- dipole force | is a weak attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighbouring polar molecules
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| van der Waals forces | are attractive forces between induced dipoles in neighbouring molecules
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Created by:
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