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Personal Fitness

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Vocabulary word
Definition
Relative muscular strength   How much weight you can lift one time in relation to your body weight and gender.  
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Relative muscular endurance   How many times you can lift a given weight in relation to your body weight and gender.  
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Progressive restistance   The continued, systematic increase of muscle stress through the use of weights or other forms of resistance.  
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Weight training   The use of such equipment as barbells, dumbbells, and machines to improve fitness, health, and appearance.  
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Cardiac muscle   Muscle in the heart and arteries.  
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Smooth muscle   Muscle located around internal organs that automatically controls many functions of the body.  
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Skeletal muscle   Muscle located around bones and joints that controls movement.  
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Contract   To shorten.  
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Muscle fibers (muscle cells)   Long, thin structures the size of human hairs that contract to create movement. They run the entire length of a muscle.  
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Connective tissue   The "glue" for the body tissue that binds muscles and bones together while still allowing them to move more efficiently.  
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Nerve   In a muscle, the part that delivers the messages from the brain to direct each individual muscle fiber to contract.  
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Blood vessel   In a muscle, the structure that provides oxygen, energy, and a waste removal system for each muscle fiber.  
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Concentric contraction   The contraction and shortening of a muscle, which results in the movement of bones and joints; also called positive work.  
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Eccentric contraction   A muscle's slow release of a contraction as it becomes longer; also called negative work.  
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Isotonic progressive resistance   A combination of concentric and eccentric muscle contractions.  
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Isometric contraction   A muscle's pushing against an immovable object and having no movement occur as it attempts to contract. The muscle does not become shorter or longer but creates tension.  
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Hypertrophy   Muscle enlargement due to the thickening of each existing muscle fiber.  
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Atrophy   A loss of muscle size and strength because of lack of use.  
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Hyperplasia   A theory of muscle enlargement that says muscle growth is due to muscle fibers splitting and creating additional fibers.  
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Genetic potential   Inherited muscle characteristics that determine the percentage, type, and number of our muscle fibers.  
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Microtear   A small tear in a part of a muscle fiber or connective tissue because of greater-than-usual resistance; causes muscle soreness.  
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