5010 Midterm - Person Centered Concepts
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| Nondirective counseling, Client-centered therapy, Student-centered teaching, Person-Centered Approach | Four periods of development
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| Nondirective counseling | Period of development in 1940’s
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| Nondirective counseling | Period of development emphasized counselor’s creation of a permissive and nondirective climate
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| Nondirective counseling | Period of development that removed advice, suggestion, direction, persuasion, teaching, diagnosis, and interpretation from counseling approach
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| Nondirective counseling | Period of development focused mainly on reflecting and clarifying the client’s communications w/the aim of helping clients become aware of & gain insight into feelings
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| Client-centered therapy | Period of development in 1950’s
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| Client-centered therapy | Period of development with emphasis on client rather than nondirective methods
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| Client-centered therapy | Period of development where shift from clarification of feelings to phenomenological
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| Client-centered therapy | Period of development where best vantage point for understanding client was from their own internal frame of reference
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| Client-centered therapy | Period of development focused on actualizing tendency as the basic motivational force that leads to client’s change
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| Student-centered teaching | period of development in late 1950’s to 1970’s
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| Student-centered teaching | period of development characterized by becoming one’s experience from an openness to experience, a trust in one’s experience, internal evaluation and the willingness to be in process
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| Student-centered teaching | period of development where extensive research was performed about the process and outcomes of psychotherapy and studied the qualities of the client-therapist relationship as a catalyst leading to personality change
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| Student-centered teaching | period of development when approach was also applied to group therapy
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| Person-Centered Approach | period of development in 1980’s and 1990’s
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| Person-Centered Approach | period of development, interest in how people obtain, possess, share, or surrender power and control over others and themselves
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| Person-Centered Approach | period of development that broadened applications to include education, family life, cross-cultural and interracial activity, and international relations
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| Actualizing tendency | a directional process of striving towards realization, fulfillment, autonomy, self-determination, and perfection.
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| Conguence, Unconditional Positive Regard, Accurate Empathic Understanding | Three therapist attributes
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| Congruence | genuineness, realness
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| Unconditional positive regard | acceptance and caring
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| Accurate empathetic understanding | ability to deeply grasp the subjective world of another person)
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| Empathy | helps clients pay attention and value their experiencing
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| Empathy | helps clients see earlier experiences in new ways
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| Empathy | helps clients modify their perceptions of themselves, others, and the world
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| Empathy | helps clients increase their confidence in making choices and in pursuing a course of action
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| Humanistic thinking | each of us has a natural potential that we can actualize and through which we find meaning
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| Humanistic thinking | with appropriate conditions, we will automatically grow in positive ways
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| Methodological flaws found by critics | using control subject who were not candidates for therapy
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| Methodological flaws found by critics | failing to use an untreated control group
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| Methodological flaws found by critics | failing to account for placebo effects
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| Methodological flaws found by critics | reliance on self-reports as a major way to assess the outcomes of therapy
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| Methodological flaws found by critics | using inappropriate statistical procedures
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