3rd quarter 9 week exam study cards ch 10,11,12
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
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| The ‘bends’ | when nitrogen bubbles form in the blood
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| tobacco plant with a firefly gene | genetic engineering
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| how DNA is wrapped | around proteins
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| what enzymes do | lower activation energy
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| where DNA is found | most all living things
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| deletion | specific type of mutation when one base is missing
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| addition |
specific type of mutation when there is one additional base
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| solubility | measurement of how much of one substance can dissolve into another
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| examples of suspensions | mud, quicksand, sewer water
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| examples of colloids | milk, fog, smoke
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| examples of solutions | salt water, iron, air
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| solvent | substance making up the majority of a solution
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| solute | substance that can disappear from view when it dissolves into another substance
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| filtration | only effective in mixtures called suspensions
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| particle size | the main distinction between the 3 types of mixtures
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| unsaturated | solution at room temperature that is still able to dissolve additional solute
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| saturated | solution that has dissolved the exact maximum amount of solute possible
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| supersaturated | solution that has possibly been heated, and has dissolved more solute than can be dissolved at room temperature
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| ionic compounds | have s high melting point
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| valence electrons | located furthest from nucleus, have highest energy
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| acid | tastes sour
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| base | tastes bitter
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| DNA | shaped like a twisted ladder
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| synthesis reaction | when 2 or more different substances come together to form a new substance
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| decomposition reaction | when 1 substance breaks down (degrades) to 2 or more substances
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| combustion reaction | must involve oxygen, usually can involve burning
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| single displacement reaction | has a product produced when one reactant replaces a part of one of the other reactants
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| double replacement reaction | when two 'two part' reactants switch ions with each other
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| substitution | specific type of mutation when one base is replaced by a different base
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| mutation | change in DNA caused by a random error or a mutagen
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| mutagen | UV light, carcinogens (cause mutations)
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| Coefficients | this needs to be placed in a chemical equation in order to balance them
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| subscripts | a number to the lower right of a chemical symbol which indicates how many of that type of atom are in molecule
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| atomic stability | having 8 valence electrons
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| polyatomic ion | a stable group of connected atoms, which overall, together, has a charge
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| reason any 2 elements in same group on periodic table are similar | they have the same number of valence electrons
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| the energy relationships in one water molecule | two covalent bonds
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| molecular compound electrical conductivity | it tends not to
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| bond | defined as an energy relationship
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| zero | the overall charge on ionic compounds made of ions, and connected by ionic bonds
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| usefulness of radioactive isotopes | determine ages of fossils
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| catalyst is also known as this | enzyme
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| subscript | the 2 in the formula for water
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| law of conservation of mass | a reason to balance a chemical equation
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| must occur in all chemical reactions | making and or braking of chemical bonds
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| nucleotides | individual subunit of DNA, made of a sugar, phosphate and a base
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| gene | string of nucleotides that has information for making a trait (such as brown eyes)
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| three bases code for this | one specific amino acid
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| endothermic reactions | need to have an input of energy in order for the reaction to occur
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| exothermic reaction | will have an output of energy as the reaction proceeds
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| chemical formula | combination of element symbols and subscripts that show how atoms combine in a molecule (example C02)
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| mRNA | a mirror image of DNA that moves / messengers info from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm to rendezvous with the ribosome
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| inhibitor | capable of slowing down or stopping a chemical reaction
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| how the number of atoms at the beginning of a chemical reaction will compare with the number of atoms at the end of the reaction | will be the same
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| evidence of reaction having occurred | formation of precipitate, gas, or a color change
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| something most chemical reactions can do under the right conditions | go in reverse
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| polar bonds | electrons are not shared equally
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| yields | what the arrow in a chemical equation means or is read as
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| each rung of the DNA ladder | a pair of bases
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| chromosomes | within the nucleus, these are the structures that strands of DNA are bundled into
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| one amino acid | what one tRNA will bring to a ribosome; determined by what the three base code is in the mRNA
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| tRNA | acts like a taxi carrying amino acids to the ribosome, also helps translate 'nucleotide language to proteins'
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| chromatin | made of DNA and protein, when coiled tightly about itself is called a chromosome
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| progeria | early aging disease caused by chance- having one incorrect nucleotide
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