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omnisci3q
3rd quarter 9 week exam study cards ch 10,11,12
| Question | Answer |
|---|---|
| The ‘bends’ | when nitrogen bubbles form in the blood |
| tobacco plant with a firefly gene | genetic engineering |
| how DNA is wrapped | around proteins |
| what enzymes do | lower activation energy |
| where DNA is found | most all living things |
| deletion | specific type of mutation when one base is missing |
| addition | specific type of mutation when there is one additional base |
| solubility | measurement of how much of one substance can dissolve into another |
| examples of suspensions | mud, quicksand, sewer water |
| examples of colloids | milk, fog, smoke |
| examples of solutions | salt water, iron, air |
| solvent | substance making up the majority of a solution |
| solute | substance that can disappear from view when it dissolves into another substance |
| filtration | only effective in mixtures called suspensions |
| particle size | the main distinction between the 3 types of mixtures |
| unsaturated | solution at room temperature that is still able to dissolve additional solute |
| saturated | solution that has dissolved the exact maximum amount of solute possible |
| supersaturated | solution that has possibly been heated, and has dissolved more solute than can be dissolved at room temperature |
| ionic compounds | have s high melting point |
| valence electrons | located furthest from nucleus, have highest energy |
| acid | tastes sour |
| base | tastes bitter |
| DNA | shaped like a twisted ladder |
| synthesis reaction | when 2 or more different substances come together to form a new substance |
| decomposition reaction | when 1 substance breaks down (degrades) to 2 or more substances |
| combustion reaction | must involve oxygen, usually can involve burning |
| single displacement reaction | has a product produced when one reactant replaces a part of one of the other reactants |
| double replacement reaction | when two 'two part' reactants switch ions with each other |
| substitution | specific type of mutation when one base is replaced by a different base |
| mutation | change in DNA caused by a random error or a mutagen |
| mutagen | UV light, carcinogens (cause mutations) |
| Coefficients | this needs to be placed in a chemical equation in order to balance them |
| subscripts | a number to the lower right of a chemical symbol which indicates how many of that type of atom are in molecule |
| atomic stability | having 8 valence electrons |
| polyatomic ion | a stable group of connected atoms, which overall, together, has a charge |
| reason any 2 elements in same group on periodic table are similar | they have the same number of valence electrons |
| the energy relationships in one water molecule | two covalent bonds |
| molecular compound electrical conductivity | it tends not to |
| bond | defined as an energy relationship |
| zero | the overall charge on ionic compounds made of ions, and connected by ionic bonds |
| usefulness of radioactive isotopes | determine ages of fossils |
| catalyst is also known as this | enzyme |
| subscript | the 2 in the formula for water |
| law of conservation of mass | a reason to balance a chemical equation |
| must occur in all chemical reactions | making and or braking of chemical bonds |
| nucleotides | individual subunit of DNA, made of a sugar, phosphate and a base |
| gene | string of nucleotides that has information for making a trait (such as brown eyes) |
| three bases code for this | one specific amino acid |
| endothermic reactions | need to have an input of energy in order for the reaction to occur |
| exothermic reaction | will have an output of energy as the reaction proceeds |
| chemical formula | combination of element symbols and subscripts that show how atoms combine in a molecule (example C02) |
| mRNA | a mirror image of DNA that moves / messengers info from the nucleus out to the cytoplasm to rendezvous with the ribosome |
| inhibitor | capable of slowing down or stopping a chemical reaction |
| how the number of atoms at the beginning of a chemical reaction will compare with the number of atoms at the end of the reaction | will be the same |
| evidence of reaction having occurred | formation of precipitate, gas, or a color change |
| something most chemical reactions can do under the right conditions | go in reverse |
| polar bonds | electrons are not shared equally |
| yields | what the arrow in a chemical equation means or is read as |
| each rung of the DNA ladder | a pair of bases |
| chromosomes | within the nucleus, these are the structures that strands of DNA are bundled into |
| one amino acid | what one tRNA will bring to a ribosome; determined by what the three base code is in the mRNA |
| tRNA | acts like a taxi carrying amino acids to the ribosome, also helps translate 'nucleotide language to proteins' |
| chromatin | made of DNA and protein, when coiled tightly about itself is called a chromosome |
| progeria | early aging disease caused by chance- having one incorrect nucleotide |
Created by:
schneiderw11
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