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Bushong Ch 10

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Question
Answer
x-rays interact with matter in the following five ways.   show
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What effects are important in making an x-ray image?   show
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Eletromagnetic radiation interacts with structures that are similar in size to?   show
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show True  
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The higher the energy of an x-ray, the (shorter or longer) is it's wavelength.   show
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show electrons; nuclei.  
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Coherent scattering is sometimes called what? Coherent scattering is an interaction between what?   show
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show excited. Low energy x-rays cannot ionize an atom.  
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show True. Because the atom is just excited instead of ionized the incident x-ray and the scattered x-ray have the same wavelength and energy.  
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(Coherent Scattering) The incident x-ray and the scattered x-ray have the equal wavelength and equal energy but the scattered x-ray moves in what direction?   show
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show energy  
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(Coherent Scattering) There is no energy transfer, and therefore no?   show
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Most coherent scattered x-rays are scattered in what direction?   show
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show Diagnostic radiology  
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(Compton Effect) The interaction of an incident x-ray with an outer-shell electron that scatters the x-ray and also reduces its energy and ionizes the atom is called?   show
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(Compton Effect) The x-ray interacts with an outer shell electron and ejects it from the atom. This is called   show
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(Compton Effect) The ejected electron is called?   show
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show different; less  
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(Compton Effect) True or False. The energy of the Compton scattered x-ray is equal to the difference between the energy of the incident x-ray and the energy of the ejected electron.   show
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(Compton Effect) The energy of the ejected electron is equal to?   show
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The mathematical formula for the Compton Effect is?   show
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During a Compton interaction, most of the energy is divided between?   show
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show True  
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(Compton Effect) At a defelction of 0 degrees, how much energy is transferred?   show
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(Compton Effect) As the angle of defelction increases to 180 degrees, more energy is transferred to?   show
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show Two-thirds  
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(Compton Effect) x-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam is called?   show
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(Compton Effect) The probability of the Compton effect decreases as x-ray energy?   show
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show atomic number  
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show image contrast  
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show x-ray imaging  
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show No useful information  
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show True  
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show a photoelectron  
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show The x-ray is totally absorbed.  
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(Photoelectric Effect) Photoelectric interaction produces what type of x-ray?   show
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(Photoelectric Effect) Ejection of a K-shell photoelectron by the incident x-ray results in?   show
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show equal to or greater than the eletron binding energy.  
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True or false. The probability of photoelectric effects is inversely proportional to the third power of the atomic number of the absorbing material.   show
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show True  
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show False. It does NOT occur during x-ray imaging.  
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If an incident x-ray has sufficient energy, it may escape interaction with electrons and come close enough to the nucleus of the atom to be influenced by the?   show
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show disappear; two; positively; negatively; pair production  
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Pair production occurs with x-rays that have energies greater than?   show
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show the nuclear force field  
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show Two  
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(Pair Production) The energy equivalence of the mass of an electron has been calculated to be   show
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Because two electrons are formed in pair production interaction with 0.51 MeV, the incident photon must have at least how much energy?   show
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(Photodisintegration) X-rays with energy above approximately 10 MeV can escape interaction with electrons and the nuclear force field and will be absorbed by what?   show
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(Photodisintegration) When the high energy x-ray is completely absorbed by the nucleus, the nucleus is raised to an excited state and instantly emits a nucleon or other nuclear fragment. This process is called what?   show
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True or False: Photodisintegration does NOT occur in diagnostic radiology.   show
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show high energy; nucleus  
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(Photodisintegration) The x-ray is absorbed by the nucleus, and the nuclear fragment is emitted. True or False?   show
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show True  
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(Differential absorption) occurs because of Compton scattering, photoelectric effect and x-rays transmitted through the patient.   show
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(Differential Absorption) Of the five ways an x-ray can interact with tissue, how many are important to radiology?   show
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show True  
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(Differential absorption) increases as kVp is increased or reduced?   show
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show 1%  
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(Differential Absorption) An x-ray image results from the difference between x-rays absorbed photoelectrically in the patient & those transmitted to the image receptor. This difference in x-ray interaction is called?   show
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(Differential Absorption) The relative probability of interaction between bone and soft tissue (differential absorption) remains constant, whereas the absolute probability of each decreases with increasing energy. True or False   show
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show the absorbed x-rays produce the white images on the radiograph, such as bones.  
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(differential Absorption) At low energies, most x-ray interactions with tissue are photoelectric. At high energies, Compton scattering predominates. True of False.   show
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show proportional. When mass density is doubled, the chance for x-ray interaction is doubled because twice as many electrons are available for interaction.  
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show Barium and iodine compounds. Contrast agents.  
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show A double-contrast examination. negative  
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show Coherent scattering, Compton effect, photoelectric effect, pair production, and photodisintegration.  
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(Exponential Attenuation) The relative frequency of interaction through each of the five interactions with matter depends on what?   show
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show True  
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show Attenuation  
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show absorption and scattering  
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show They do not have a fixed range in tissue.  
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show True.  
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show  
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  show
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Created by: Baker RAD 2012
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