Bushong Ch 10
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x-rays interact with matter in the following five ways. | show 🗑
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What effects are important in making an x-ray image? | show 🗑
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Eletromagnetic radiation interacts with structures that are similar in size to? | show 🗑
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show | True
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The higher the energy of an x-ray, the (shorter or longer) is it's wavelength. | show 🗑
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show | electrons; nuclei.
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Coherent scattering is sometimes called what? Coherent scattering is an interaction between what? | show 🗑
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show | excited. Low energy x-rays cannot ionize an atom.
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show | True. Because the atom is just excited instead of ionized the incident x-ray and the scattered x-ray have the same wavelength and energy.
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(Coherent Scattering) The incident x-ray and the scattered x-ray have the equal wavelength and equal energy but the scattered x-ray moves in what direction? | show 🗑
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show | energy
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(Coherent Scattering) There is no energy transfer, and therefore no? | show 🗑
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Most coherent scattered x-rays are scattered in what direction? | show 🗑
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show | Diagnostic radiology
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(Compton Effect) The interaction of an incident x-ray with an outer-shell electron that scatters the x-ray and also reduces its energy and ionizes the atom is called? | show 🗑
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(Compton Effect) The x-ray interacts with an outer shell electron and ejects it from the atom. This is called | show 🗑
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(Compton Effect) The ejected electron is called? | show 🗑
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show | different; less
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(Compton Effect) True or False. The energy of the Compton scattered x-ray is equal to the difference between the energy of the incident x-ray and the energy of the ejected electron. | show 🗑
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(Compton Effect) The energy of the ejected electron is equal to? | show 🗑
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The mathematical formula for the Compton Effect is? | show 🗑
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During a Compton interaction, most of the energy is divided between? | show 🗑
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show | True
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(Compton Effect) At a defelction of 0 degrees, how much energy is transferred? | show 🗑
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(Compton Effect) As the angle of defelction increases to 180 degrees, more energy is transferred to? | show 🗑
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show | Two-thirds
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(Compton Effect) x-rays scattered back in the direction of the incident x-ray beam is called? | show 🗑
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(Compton Effect) The probability of the Compton effect decreases as x-ray energy? | show 🗑
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show | atomic number
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show | image contrast
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show | x-ray imaging
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show | No useful information
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show | True
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show | a photoelectron
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show | The x-ray is totally absorbed.
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(Photoelectric Effect) Photoelectric interaction produces what type of x-ray? | show 🗑
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(Photoelectric Effect) Ejection of a K-shell photoelectron by the incident x-ray results in? | show 🗑
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show | equal to or greater than the eletron binding energy.
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True or false. The probability of photoelectric effects is inversely proportional to the third power of the atomic number of the absorbing material. | show 🗑
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show | True
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show | False. It does NOT occur during x-ray imaging.
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If an incident x-ray has sufficient energy, it may escape interaction with electrons and come close enough to the nucleus of the atom to be influenced by the? | show 🗑
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show | disappear; two; positively; negatively; pair production
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Pair production occurs with x-rays that have energies greater than? | show 🗑
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show | the nuclear force field
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show | Two
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(Pair Production) The energy equivalence of the mass of an electron has been calculated to be | show 🗑
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Because two electrons are formed in pair production interaction with 0.51 MeV, the incident photon must have at least how much energy? | show 🗑
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(Photodisintegration) X-rays with energy above approximately 10 MeV can escape interaction with electrons and the nuclear force field and will be absorbed by what? | show 🗑
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(Photodisintegration) When the high energy x-ray is completely absorbed by the nucleus, the nucleus is raised to an excited state and instantly emits a nucleon or other nuclear fragment. This process is called what? | show 🗑
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True or False: Photodisintegration does NOT occur in diagnostic radiology. | show 🗑
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show | high energy; nucleus
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(Photodisintegration) The x-ray is absorbed by the nucleus, and the nuclear fragment is emitted. True or False? | show 🗑
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show | True
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(Differential absorption) occurs because of Compton scattering, photoelectric effect and x-rays transmitted through the patient. | show 🗑
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(Differential Absorption) Of the five ways an x-ray can interact with tissue, how many are important to radiology? | show 🗑
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show | True
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(Differential absorption) increases as kVp is increased or reduced? | show 🗑
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show | 1%
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(Differential Absorption) An x-ray image results from the difference between x-rays absorbed photoelectrically in the patient & those transmitted to the image receptor. This difference in x-ray interaction is called? | show 🗑
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(Differential Absorption) The relative probability of interaction between bone and soft tissue (differential absorption) remains constant, whereas the absolute probability of each decreases with increasing energy. True or False | show 🗑
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show | the absorbed x-rays produce the white images on the radiograph, such as bones.
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(differential Absorption) At low energies, most x-ray interactions with tissue are photoelectric. At high energies, Compton scattering predominates. True of False. | show 🗑
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show | proportional. When mass density is doubled, the chance for x-ray interaction is doubled because twice as many electrons are available for interaction.
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show | Barium and iodine compounds.
Contrast agents.
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show | A double-contrast examination.
negative
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show | Coherent scattering, Compton effect, photoelectric effect, pair production, and photodisintegration.
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(Exponential Attenuation) The relative frequency of interaction through each of the five interactions with matter depends on what? | show 🗑
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show | True
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show | Attenuation
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show | absorption and scattering
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show | They do not have a fixed range in tissue.
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show | True.
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show |
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Created by:
Baker RAD 2012
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