Biology nutrition
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show | glucose
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this consists of a glycerol molecule joined with three fatty acid molecules via dehydration reactions. | show 🗑
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show | hydrocarbon
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show | nucleic acids
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nuc-nuc-nuc-nuc is this | show 🗑
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show | nucleotide
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An organic monomer consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group | show 🗑
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show | RNA
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this is a long chain of nucleotides with nigrogen bases in the middle | show 🗑
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show | DNA
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show | nucleotide
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dehydration reactions remove the __________so that monomers can combine to form polymer chains. | show 🗑
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show | polymers
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show | starch
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show | in all bonds, but primarily between two phosphates.
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show | covalent bonds
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When the third phosphate group of ATP is removed by hydrolysis, a substantial amount of _________ _________ is released. | show 🗑
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The complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen is called ______ _________ | show 🗑
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show | Cellular Respiration
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dehydration synthesis | show 🗑
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hydrolysis | show 🗑
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the mitochondria is the pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of this: | show 🗑
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When entered into the cycle, there are ten steps of reactions that yield ______and _____. | show 🗑
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show | three-carbon
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show | glucose
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Cellular respiration is therefore a process in which the energy in glucose is ______to ATP. | show 🗑
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In respiration, glucose is ______and releases energy. | show 🗑
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show | carbon dioxide (CO2).
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show | 1) glycolysis and 2) aerobic respiration
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In the absence of oxygen, fermentation reactions produce ______ or _________but no additional ATP. | show 🗑
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show | electrons
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When a carrier reduces another, some of the energy that is released as a result of that reduction is used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane into the ____________ space. | show 🗑
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show | concentrated
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The enzyme ATP synthase is able to use the energy of this osmotic gradient to produce ATP as the hydrogen ions move under _________ pressure through the enzyme back into the matrix of the mitochondrion. | show 🗑
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show | Oxygen
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show | O2.
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show | water
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show | NAD+
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show | NAD+
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To regenerate NAD+ from NADH, the electrons from NADH are added to ______ to produce alcohol (plants, yeast) or lactate (animals, bacteria). | show 🗑
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show | glycolysis.
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Electrons from NADH are added to pyruvate (reduction) to produce ________ (plants, yeast) or lactate (animals, bacteria) | show 🗑
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show | oxygen
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NAD+ and FAD carry __________ to the electron transport system. | show 🗑
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What does light dependent mean? | show 🗑
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show | ATP /NADPH (only at day)
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show | Light independent reactions. (only at night)
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show | pyruvic acid
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show | FADH2
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A catabolic process that makes a limited amount of ATP from glucose without an electron transport chain and that produces a characteristic end product (ex. ethyl alcohol & lactic acid) | show 🗑
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What is the key energy storing molecule? | show 🗑
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show | Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
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show | Fermentation
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show | Regenerate NAD+
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show | phosphorylation and oxydation
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show | water
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show | oxydation
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In photosynthesis, ATP and NADPH are both ____ and _______. | show 🗑
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show | chloroplast
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show | light independent photosynthesis
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show | two molecules of the 2-carbon molecule acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA).
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show | fermentation
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show | ATP and NADPH
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When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the following? | show 🗑
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What are the products of linear photophosphorylation? | show 🗑
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show | Photosynthesis stores energy in complex organic molecules, while respiration releases it.
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Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells? | show 🗑
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Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during | show 🗑
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Reduction of oxygen which forms water occurs during | show 🗑
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Reduction of NADP+occurs during | show 🗑
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show | neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
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show | both photosynthesis and respiration.
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show | on the stroma side ofthe membrane.
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show | The light reactions provide ATP and NADPH to the Calvin cycle, and the cycle returns ADP, Pi, and NADP+to the light reactions.
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Where dothe enzymatic reactions of the Calvin cycle take place? | show 🗑
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What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? | show 🗑
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Produces molecular oxygen (O2) light reactions alone T or F | show 🗑
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show | T
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show | T
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light reactions alone Produces NADPH T or F | show 🗑
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show | T
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show | T
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show | T
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The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as havethe pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find? | show 🗑
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show | 3-phosphoglycerate molecules
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The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with | show 🗑
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show | H2O NADPH Calvin cycle
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show | oxidative phosphorylation in cellular respiration.
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show | removal of electrons from chlorophyll molecules
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show | release of oxygen
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show | ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
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Which carboxylic acid is produced as a product of the first reaction of the Krebs cycle? | show 🗑
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In prokaryotes, where does the oxidation of NADH occur within the cell? | show 🗑
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The electron transport chain consists of a series of what type of reactions? | show 🗑
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Aerobic respiration relies on what element as an electron acceptor? | show 🗑
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show | alcohol fermentation
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Which type of fermentation occurs in humans? | show 🗑
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When fermentation occurs, which molecule accepts electrons from NADH in the place of oxygen? | show 🗑
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Which process is more efficient for energy production: fermentation or cellular respiration? | show 🗑
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show | Catabolic pathways involve the breaking down of molecules to produce ATP. -Anabolic pathways involve creating larger molecules from smaller molecules.
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True or false: The electron transport chain continues to function during fermentation. | show 🗑
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When glucose is found in excess, into what is it converted? | show 🗑
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What is the product of a light-dependent photosynthesis reaction? | show 🗑
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What comes out of a light-independent photosynthesis reaction? | show 🗑
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True or false: The light-independent and light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur at separate times. | show 🗑
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Inside chloroplasts, grana are interconnected stacks made up of what structures? | show 🗑
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show | The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.
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Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? | show 🗑
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Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? | show 🗑
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The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during | show 🗑
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The reactions that produce molecular oxygen (O2) take place in | show 🗑
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Glucose, a six carbon sugar, is split into two molecules of a | show 🗑
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In the process, two molecules of ATP, two molecules of pyruvic acid and two "high energy" electron carrying molecules of | show 🗑
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The Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle begins after the two molecules of the three carbon sugar produced in glycolysis are | show 🗑
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The compounds, known as nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), are | show 🗑
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NAD and FAD in reduced forms carry the "high energy" electrons to | show 🗑
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show | is present but it doesn't use oxygen directly
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show | oxygen directly
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The electron transport "chain" is a series of electron carriers in the membrane of the | show 🗑
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Through a series of reactions, the "high energy" electrons are passed to | show 🗑
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show | ATP is produced
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show | NADH and FADH2
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show | oxydidative phosphorylation, where most ATP fuel is produced.
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The electron transport chain is an array of molecules, mostly proteins, built into the _________ ___________ of the mitochondria. | show 🗑
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NADH gets rid of its high-energy ________ to the first complex in the transport chain | show 🗑
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Electrons move from one member of the chain to the next, giving up their energy as they are pulled from NADH toward highly electric negative _________. | show 🗑
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The energy given up by the flow of electrons is used to pump hydrogen ions from the mitochondrial matrix into the ______ _________ space. | show 🗑
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show | very last
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show | water
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show | hydrogen
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The buildup of hydrogen ions is like a dam. It stores the potential energy that was originally in the bonds of __________ molecules. | show 🗑
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The backed up hydrogen ions give up their energy when they diffuse through a special protein in the membrane called ____ synthase. | show 🗑
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show | concentration
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This mode of ATP production is called _________ _________ because it is powered by the transfer of electrons to oxygen. | show 🗑
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Under normal conditions, almost all the ATP produced in the process of cellular respiration is powered by __________ __________ and oxidative phosphorylation. | show 🗑
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About 34 ATPs for every every _________ consumed. | show 🗑
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show | sub-strate
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Most of the cells ATP is made via ___________ phosphorylation | show 🗑
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When NADH and FADH2 produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle give up to oxygen the electrons obtained from ___________ __________. | show 🗑
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The primary objective of glycolysis is to produce _________. | show 🗑
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Gylcolysis produces a small and limited amount of ATP without _______. | show 🗑
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show | lactic
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Yeast converts pyruvate into ________. | show 🗑
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The light _________reaction happens when solar energy is captured to make a molecule called ATP (adenosine triphosphate). | show 🗑
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The dark reaction happens when the ATP is used to make ________(the Calvin Cycle). | show 🗑
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The light ________ reactions produce carbohydrates by using ATP and NADPH that was formed from the light-dependent reactions. | show 🗑
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Which of the following is NOT a part of an ATP molecule? a. adenine b. ribose c. chlorophyll d. phosphate | show 🗑
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Energy is released from ATP when | show 🗑
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show | oxygen and high-energy sugars.
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show | pigments.
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Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis? | show 🗑
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show | It takes place in the stroma.
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If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars? | show 🗑
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Photosynthesis requires light, water, carbon dioxide, and | show 🗑
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The electrons that chlorophyll loses to the electron transport chain are replenished by ____________________ molecules. | show 🗑
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The light-dependent reactions take place inside the chloroplasts in stacks of ____ called | show 🗑
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Light from the _____ is absorbed by plant pigments such as | show 🗑
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The enegy from sunlight is used to split molecules of | show 🗑
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show | oxygen
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The remaining H+ ions and _____(e-'s) are used to recharge the ____carrying molecules needed for the light-independent reactions: | show 🗑
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show | ATP
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NADP+ is recharged to become | show 🗑
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The light-independent phase is sometimes called the "_____" phase because it does not rely directly upon sunlight | show 🗑
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show | stroma
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The energy carrying molecules ATP and NADPH, which were recharged in the light dependent reactions, are used to incorporate the gas _____ into molecules that make the sugar called _______ | show 🗑
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show | CHO, calvin cycle
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show | the electron transport chain
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show | krebs cycle of cellular respiration and glycolosis
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