Biology nutrition
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| Long chains of sugar is what this is | show 🗑
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| show | fat
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| the major portion of a fatty acid is a long _____________ that stores a lot of energy. | show 🗑
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| nucleotide bonded together are these | show 🗑
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| show | polymer
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| show | nucleotide
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| An organic monomer consisting of a 5-carbon sugar bonded to a nitrogenous base and a phosphate group | show 🗑
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| a pentose sugar, CHO, that is a basic component of RNA | show 🗑
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| show | DNA
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| _______is a type of complex acid, called a nucleic acid, made of a repeating pattern of simple building blocks called nucleotides. | show 🗑
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| show | nucleotide
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| dehydration reactions remove the __________so that monomers can combine to form polymer chains. | show 🗑
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| when the hydrogen is removed bonds form between the existing monomers causing them to form __________. | show 🗑
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| this is primarily a polysaccharide __________ | show 🗑
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| Where is energy stored? | show 🗑
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| Energy is stored in the _______ _________ between the phosphates, with the greatest amount of energy in the bond between the second and third phosphate groups. | show 🗑
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| show | free energy
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| The complete breakdown of glucose in the presence of oxygen is called ______ _________ | show 🗑
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| Oxidation of molecules liberates electrons for an electron transport chain. ATP is generated by oxidative phosphoylation | show 🗑
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| show | process of taking 2 things pulling water out and bonding together
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| show | takes 2 thing breaks it apart and puts water back in
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| the mitochondria is the pathway to completely oxidize fuel molecules which mostly is acetyl CoA ,the product from the oxidative decarboxylation of this: | show 🗑
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| When entered into the cycle, there are ten steps of reactions that yield ______and _____. | show 🗑
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| Once the pyruvic acid is inside, carbon dioxide is enzymatically removed from each ______-______ pyruvic acid molecule to form acetic acid. | show 🗑
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| show | glucose
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| show | transferred
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| show | oxidized
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| The carbon atoms of the sugar molecule are released as ___________ | show 🗑
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| show | 1) glycolysis and 2) aerobic respiration
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| In the absence of oxygen, fermentation reactions produce ______ or _________but no additional ATP. | show 🗑
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| The electron transport system consists of a series of carrier molecules which pass ______ from a high-energy compound to a final low-energy electron acceptor. | show 🗑
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| When a carrier reduces another, some of the energy that is released as a result of that reduction is used to pump hydrogen ions across the membrane into the ____________ space. | show 🗑
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| show | concentrated
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| show | osmotic
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| show | Oxygen
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| The low-energy electrons that emerge from the electron transport system are taken up by this: | show 🗑
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| The negatively charged oxygen molecules take up protons from the medium and form this: | show 🗑
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| Although glycolysis does not require oxygen, it does require ________ . | show 🗑
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| show | NAD+
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| show | pyruvate
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| Fermentation is needed to regenerate NAD+ from NADH so that at least some ATP can be made in __________. | show 🗑
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| show | alcohol
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| Aerobic respiration occurs when ____ is available. | show 🗑
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| show | electrons
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| show | first stage of photosynthesis, process which plants capture/store energy from sunlight.
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| Light energy is converted into chemical energy, in the form of the energy-carrying molecules ______ and _____ . | show 🗑
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| show | Light independent reactions. (only at night)
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| chemical that starts the pre-Krebs cycle forming acetyl-CoA | show 🗑
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| show | FADH2
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| show | fermentation
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| What is the key energy storing molecule? | show 🗑
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| show | Glycolysis, Pyruvate Oxidation, Krebs Cycle, Oxidative Phosphorylation
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| Doesn't Use Oxygen, 2 ATPS only coming from common stage glycolysis, produces lactic acid | show 🗑
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| show | Regenerate NAD+
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| show | phosphorylation and oxydation
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| show | water
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| show | oxydation
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| show | made and used
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| show | chloroplast
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| Co2 goes in 02 goes out | show 🗑
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| show | two molecules of the 2-carbon molecule acetyl Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA).
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| Which process produces both NADH and FADH2? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following are products of the light reactions of photosynthesis that are utilized in the Calvin cycle? | show 🗑
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| When oxygen is released as a result of photosynthesis, it is a by-product of which of the following? | show 🗑
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| show | ATP and NADPH
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| Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? | show 🗑
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| Where are the molecules of the electron transport chain found in plant cells? | show 🗑
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| Synthesis of ATP by the chemiosmotic mechanism occurs during | show 🗑
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| show | respiration
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| Reduction of NADP+occurs during | show 🗑
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| show | neither photosynthesis nor respiration.
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| show | both photosynthesis and respiration.
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| In thylakoids, protons travel through ATP synthase from the stroma to the thylakoid space. Therefore the catalytic "knobs" of ATP synthase would be located | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements best represents the relationships between the light reactions and the Calvin cycle? | show 🗑
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| show | stroma of the chloroplast
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| What is the primary function of the Calvin cycle? | show 🗑
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| show | T
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| show | T
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| neither the light reactions nor the Calvin cycle Produces NADH T or F | show 🗑
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| show | T
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| show | T
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| show | T
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| show | T
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| The pH of the inner thylakoid space has been measured, as havethe pH of the stroma and of the cytosol of a particular plant cell. Which, if any, relationship would you expect to find? | show 🗑
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| show | 3-phosphoglycerate molecules
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| The light reactions of photosynthesis supply the Calvin cycle with | show 🗑
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| show | H2O NADPH Calvin cycle
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| In mechanism, photophosphorylation is most similar to | show 🗑
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| Which process is most directly driven by light energy? | show 🗑
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| show | release of oxygen
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| show | ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
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| Which carboxylic acid is produced as a product of the first reaction of the Krebs cycle? | show 🗑
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| show | in the plasma membrane
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| show | reduction-oxidation reactions
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| Aerobic respiration relies on what element as an electron acceptor? | show 🗑
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| Which type of fermentation occurs in yeast? | show 🗑
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| Which type of fermentation occurs in humans? | show 🗑
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| show | pyruvate (or a derivation of pyruvate)
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| Which process is more efficient for energy production: fermentation or cellular respiration? | show 🗑
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| What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic pathways? | show 🗑
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| show | F cannot function during fermentation
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| When glucose is found in excess, into what is it converted? | show 🗑
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| What is the product of a light-dependent photosynthesis reaction? | show 🗑
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| show | sugar
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| True or false: The light-independent and light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis occur at separate times. | show 🗑
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| show | thylakoids
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| show | The reaction is faster than the same reaction in the absence of the enzyme.
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| Where are the proteins of the electron transport chain located? | show 🗑
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| Which of the following statements best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and respiration? | show 🗑
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| The splitting of carbon dioxide to form oxygen gas and carbon compounds occurs during | show 🗑
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| show | the light reactions alone.
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| Glucose, a six carbon sugar, is split into two molecules of a | show 🗑
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| show | NADH are produced
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| The Citric Acid Cycle or Krebs Cycle begins after the two molecules of the three carbon sugar produced in glycolysis are | show 🗑
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| show | reduced in the process
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| NAD and FAD in reduced forms carry the "high energy" electrons to | show 🗑
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| The Citric Acid Cycle occurs only when oxygen | show 🗑
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| Electron Transport requires | show 🗑
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| show | mitochondria in eukaryotic cells
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| show | oxygen
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| show | ATP is produced
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| Most of the energy harvested from organic molecules during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle is stored in | show 🗑
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| show | oxydidative phosphorylation, where most ATP fuel is produced.
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| show | inter membrane
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| show | electrons
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| show | oxygen
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| show | intermembrane space
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| show | very last
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| show | water
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| show | hydrogen
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| show | glucose
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| The backed up hydrogen ions give up their energy when they diffuse through a special protein in the membrane called ____ synthase. | show 🗑
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| As hydrogen ions flow down their __________ gradient, ATP synthase captures their energy to make ATP. | show 🗑
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| show | oxidative phosphorylation
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| Under normal conditions, almost all the ATP produced in the process of cellular respiration is powered by __________ __________ and oxidative phosphorylation. | show 🗑
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| show | glucose
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| show | sub-strate
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| Most of the cells ATP is made via ___________ phosphorylation | show 🗑
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| When NADH and FADH2 produced in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle give up to oxygen the electrons obtained from ___________ __________. | show 🗑
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| show | pyruvate
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| Gylcolysis produces a small and limited amount of ATP without _______. | show 🗑
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| show | lactic
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| Yeast converts pyruvate into ________. | show 🗑
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| show | dependent
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| show | glucose
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| The light ________ reactions produce carbohydrates by using ATP and NADPH that was formed from the light-dependent reactions. | show 🗑
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| show | c chlorophyll
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| show | a phosphate group is removed.
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| show | oxygen and high-energy sugars.
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| show | pigments.
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| Which step is the beginning of photosynthesis? | show 🗑
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| How does the Calvin cycle differ from the light-dependent reactions? | show 🗑
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| If carbon dioxide is removed from a plant’s environment, what would you expect to happen to the plant’s production of high-energy sugars? | show 🗑
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| show | chlorophyll
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| show | water
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| The light-dependent reactions take place inside the chloroplasts in stacks of ____ called | show 🗑
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| Light from the _____ is absorbed by plant pigments such as | show 🗑
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| The enegy from sunlight is used to split molecules of | show 🗑
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| The gas ______ produced and returned to the atmosphere | show 🗑
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| The remaining H+ ions and _____(e-'s) are used to recharge the ____carrying molecules needed for the light-independent reactions: | show 🗑
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| ADP is recharged to become | show 🗑
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| NADP+ is recharged to become | show 🗑
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| show | dark
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| show | stroma
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| The energy carrying molecules ATP and NADPH, which were recharged in the light dependent reactions, are used to incorporate the gas _____ into molecules that make the sugar called _______ | show 🗑
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| show | CHO, calvin cycle
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| Oxidative phosphorylation is to respiration is to _________ is to photosynthesis | show 🗑
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| show | krebs cycle of cellular respiration and glycolosis
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