CHE-125 Ch. 4 & 5
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
Help!
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| Octet Rule | the most stable electron configuration is a completly full valence shell, which is sometime reffered to as "Nobel Gas Configuration"
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| Metal v.s. non-metal charges | Metal: Positive charge, Non-metal: negative charge
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| Ionization Energy | the energy needed to remove electrons from an atom. Metals have low I.E. and non-metals have high I.E.....IE decreases when going down a family.
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| Tranisiton Elements & Octet Rule | Tranisition elements dont follow octet rule, metals still loose but how many is complicated.
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| Ionic Compounds Characteristics | -all solids-very stornf bonds-crystalline(regular arrangment)-formula gives ratio-high melting points-generally soluable in water (soluable are electolytes)
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| Naming Positive Ions (Cations) | ions w/1 possible charge (1A, IIA, IIIA) is just element name and "ion.".....ions w/more than one possible charge are element name+roman numeral for charge+ion
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| Naming Negative ions (Anions) | Prefix + ide +ion
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| Polyatomic Ions | group of atoms bound together (molecule) that has an overall charge
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| Acid | ionic compound with H+ as the cation
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| Base | ionic compound with OH- as the anion (Bases follow regular naming rules)
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| Naming Acids when H+ is paired with element | Start w/ "hydro" root, then element root, then "ic." EX: HCI=hydrochloric acid
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| Naming Acids when H+ is paired with polyatomic ions | Leave out H in name, root of polyatomic ion and add "ic." EX: H3PO4= phosphoric acid
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| Covalent Bonds | e- are shared, formulas no longer simplify, formulas do not represent a ratio but a fixed unit
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| Dot stucture of Covalent Compound | all atoms should have octet (excpetion is H)
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| Resonance Structure | more than one correct dot/lewis structure. reality is the actual structure of molecules is somwehere in betweeM
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| VSEPR | Valence.Sehll.Electorn.Pair.Repulsion
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| 2 Groups of Electrons | Linear 180
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| 3 Groups of Electrons | 120
Electron Structure: trigonal planar
Molecular Structure: bent?
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| 4 Groups of Electrons | E Structure: Tetrahedral
Molecular Structure: Bent ?
109
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| electronegativity | attraction of atom or nuclues for a shaired pair of electrons
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