Chemistry
Quiz yourself by thinking what should be in
each of the black spaces below before clicking
on it to display the answer.
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| Solution | Homogeneous or uniform of 2 or more substances
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| Solvent | The compund of a solution present in the greatest amount
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| Solute | The component of a solution present in the smallest amount
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| The solubility of a solute | Amount of solute that will dissolve in a givem amount of solvent
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| Like dissolves like-nature of the solvent and the soulte | The more similar 2 compounds are the more likely that 1 will be soluble in the other
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| Saturated solution | one in which the solvent has dissolved all th solute it can at a particular temperature.
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| Unsaturated solution | Contains less solute thatn the solvent can dissolve at a given temperature
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| Superaturated solution | An unstable solution in which the solvent has dissolved more solute than it theoretically can at that temperature
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| Homogeneous | Substance dissolves in water to form a solution. Appears totally uniform with no visible boundaries between 1 substance and another.
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| Heterogeneous | Substance that does not dissolve in water, the mixture contains tiny pieces of undissolved, suspended solid.
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| Liqiud in Liquid solutions - Miscible | Substances completely mix
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| Liquid in liquid solutions - partly miscible | limited solubility in ach other
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| Liquid in liquid solutions - immiscible | Substances do not dissolve in each other
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| Solubility - Temperature | 1. Most solids and liquids that dissolve in liquids, the rule is solubility increases with increasing temperature. 2. Supersaturated solutions are not stable indefinitely. 3. For gases, solubility in liquids almost always decreases with ^ in temperature
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| Solubility - Pressure | Gases apply Henry's Law - higher pressure the greater the solubility of a gas in liquid.
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| General Rules of Solubility | 1. All compounds of the alkali metals (Group IA) and the ammonium ion(NH4+) are soluble. 2. All compounds containing nitrate(NO3-), chlorate(ClO3-) and perchlorate(ClO4-) are soluble.
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| General Rules of Solubility | 3. Most hydroxides(OH-) are insoluble except those of the alkai metals and Ba(OH2) and Ca(OH2). 4. Most compounds containing Cl- Br and I- are soluble except those containing Ag+ Hg+ and Pb2+.
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| General Rules of Solubility | 5. All carbonates, phosphates and sulfides are insoluble except those of the alkai metals and NH4+. 6. Most sulfates are soluble. CaSO4 and AgSO4 are slightly soluble, BaSO4 HgSO4 and PbSO4 are insoluble.
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| Henry's Law | Solubility of a gas in a liquid is directly proportional to the partial pressure of the gas over the resultant solution.
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| Ration of 2 quantities | Amount of solute/amount of solution
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| Strong acids | Soluble - 1st letter a H
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| Strong bases | Soluble - end with hydroxide of group IA and IIA
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