Chemistry For Today Chapters 1-2 Vocab
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| matter | anything that has mass and occupies space
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| mass | a measurement of the amount of matter in an object
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| weight | a measurement of the gravitational force acting on an object
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| physical properties | properties of matter that can be observed or measured without trying to change the composition of the matter being studied
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| chemical properties | properties matter demonstrates when attempts are made to change it into new substances
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| physical changes | changes matter undergoes without changing composition
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| chemical changes | changes matter undergoes that involve changes in composition
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| scientific models | explanations for observed behavior in nature
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| molecule | the smallest particle of a pure substance that has the properties of that substance and is capable of stable, independent existance.
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| diatomic molecules | molecules that contain two atoms
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| homoatomic molecules | molecules that contain only one kind of atom
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| heteroatomic molecules | molecules that contain two or more kind of atoms
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| triatomic molecules | molecules that contain three atoms
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| polyatomic molecules | molecules that contain more than three atoms
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| atom | the limit of chemical subdivision for matter
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| pure substance | matter that has a constant composition and fixed properties
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| mixture | a physical blend of matter that can theoretically by physically separated into two or more components
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| homogenous matter | matter that has the same properties throughout the sample
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| solutions | homogenous mixtures of two or more substances
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| heterogenous matter | matter with properties that are not the same throughout the sample
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| element | a pure substance consisting of only one kind of atom in the form of homoatomic molecueles or individual atoms
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| compound | a pure substance consisting of two or more kinds of atoms in the form of heteroatomic molecules or individual atoms
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| basic unit of measurement | a specific unit from which other units for the same quantity are obtained by multiplication or division
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| derived unit of measurement | a unit obtained by multiplication or division of one or more basic units
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| scientific notation | a way of representing numbers consisting of a product between a single digit number and a 10 raised to a whole number exponent that may be positive or negative
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| standard position for a decimal | in scientific notation, the position to the right of the first nonzero digi in the nonexponential number
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| significant figures | the numbers in a measurement that represent the certainty of the measurement, plus one number representing an estimate
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| exact numbers | numbers that have no uncertainty; numbers from defined relationships, counting numbers, and numbers that are part of simple fractions
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| factors used in the factor unit method | fractions obtained from numerical relationships between quantities
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| density | the number given when the mass of a sample of a substance is divided by the volume of the same sample
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| elemental symbol | a symbol assigned to an element based on the name of the element, consisting of one capital letter or a capital letter followed by a lowercase letter
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| compound formula | a representation of the molecule of a compound, consisting of the symbols of the atoms found in the molecule
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| nucleus | the central core of atoms that contains protons, neutrons, and most of the mass of atoms
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| atomic number of an atom | a number equal to the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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| mass number of an atom | a number equal to the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of an atom
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| isotopes | atoms that have the same atomic number but different mass numbers
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| atomic mass unit | a unit used to express the relative masses of atoms
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| atomic weight | the mass of an average atom of an element expressed in atomic mass units
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| molecular weight | the relative mass of a molecule expressed in atomic mass units and calculated by adding together atomic weights of the atoms in a molecule
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| mole | the number of particles contained in a sample of element or compound with a mass in grams equal to the atomic weight. 1 mol is equal to 6.022 x 10^23 particles
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